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Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas
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cloudcraft(at)aol.com
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 2:17 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

As the French say, "Each to his own fish." At least I've been told they say that.I always taught a flow pattern that linked the gear handle movement with the aux hydraulic c/b. Gear up, pull the c/b. Gear down (after verifying stable hydraulic pressure) aux hydraulic c/b set.I know there is a school of thought that says c/b's are not switches. There is a school of thought that says a c/b can take thousands of resets.My suggestion has always been to replace the aux hydraulic c/b with a breaker switch. I really like that idea because you can install the switch so that up is off. (If this were not such a public place, I'd suggest moving this switch next to the gear handle.)In normal ops, gear handle and switch position are the same: Gear up / switch up = aux hydraulic pump disabled.Gear handle down / switch down (on) = aux pump enabled.With a hydraulic abnormal, the pump stays disabled until just prior to touchdown, possibly restoring brakes, the most important appliance at that moment.This may be a bit much for some Commander owners to wrap their minds around but with a bit of time in type and a practiced flow pattern, I'm convinced it's the way to go. I've been through 3 catastrophic hydraulic failures a n d the fact that I disable the aux pump gave me brakes and nose wheel steering 2 out of the 3 times.But then, I prefer salmon to flounder.Wing Commander Gordon







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rcdettmer(at)charter.net
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 2:38 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Gear up, breaker out / gear down, breaker in. I like that. Thanks.

RD

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Dettmer Architecture
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From: owner-commander-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-commander-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Keith S. Gordon
Sent: Sunday, April 06, 2008 3:15 PM
To: commander-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas


As the French say, "Each to his own fish." At least I've been told they say that.

I always taught a flow pattern that linked the gear handle movement with the aux hydraulic c/b.

Gear up, pull the c/b.

Gear down (after verifying stable hydraulic pressure) aux hydraulic c/b set.

I know there is a school of thought that says c/b's are not switches. There is a school of thought that says a c/b can take thousands of resets.

My suggestion has always been to replace the aux hydraulic c/b with a breaker switch. I really like that idea because you can install the switch so that up is off. (If this were not such a public place, I'd suggest moving this switch next to the gear handle.)

In normal ops, gear handle and switch position are the same: Gear up / switch up = aux hydraulic pump disabled.
Gear handle down / switch down (on) = aux pump enabled.

With a hydraulic abnormal, the pump stays disabled until just prior to touchdown, possibly restoring brakes, the most important appliance at that moment.

This may be a bit much for some Commander owners to wrap their minds around but with a bit of time in type and a practiced flow pattern, I'm convinced it's the way to go.

I've been through 3 catastrophic hydraulic failures a n d the fact that I disable the aux pump gave me brakes and nose wheel steering 2 out of the 3 times.

But then, I prefer salmon to flounder.

Wing Commander Gordon








-----Original Message-----
From: dfalik(at)sbcglobal.net
To: commander-list(at)matronics.com
Sent: Sun, 6 Apr 2008 12:04 pm
Subject: RE: Electric fuel pump cycling
Quote:
--> Commander-List message posted by: <dfalik(at)sbcglobal.net (dfalik(at)sbcglobal.net)>



All,



Just to share:



In the last year, I have had two occasions of loss of all hyd.

Pressure/fluid due to holes in the hydraulic lines. Each time I was

airborne and the landing and roll out was no issue due to the remaining

fluid in the reservoir and the electric hyd. Pump. I would be real

hesitant to pull the breaker after take off and then have another thing

to remember before landing.




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tfisher(at)commandergroup
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 2:46 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Let's see now....gear out and ahhh cb up?
[quote] ---


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aquadiver99(at)yahoo.com
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 3:49 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

WCG, that's absolutely right since a Hyd. rupture would cause the aux pump to pump everything above the sump overboard.


Donnie Rose
205/492-8444




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John Vormbaum



Joined: 21 Aug 2006
Posts: 273
Location: SF Bay Area, CA

PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 4:11 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Donnie, do you mean it would pump everything above the standpipe in the
hydraulic fluid reservoir out? The standpipe is for the engine-driven
pumps IIRC....the aux pump runs from a drain at the bottom of the
reservoir. That's so you always have a little fluid in reserve for the
aux pump to use for steering & brakes in a hydraulic failure event....so
in a properly functioning hydraulic system (in a 500B anyway), the aux
pump would pump EVERY DROP overboard if you had a hose rupture.
Again....ask me how I know Smile.

With my total hydraulic failure, I went to an airport with an 8,000 foot
runway (OK, it was Morris' home base Smile, landed normally & held the
nose off until the last taxiway, when I reduced power until I lost
elevator authority. The nose settled slowly, I rolled a few feet, and
the nose gear gently folded. I broke a bellcrank and damaged one gear
door. No fuselage skin damage at all. Could have been worse. At least I
didn't block the runway!

After that I pulled the tail down, we locked the nose gear down, and
towed it to Morris' hangar where he fixed it with a minimum of difficulty.

I would be very reluctant to feather both engines on short final or
after landing, after a hydraulic failure; I would rather retain some
directional control. In a truly life-threatening situation I think I
would still be able to use asymmetrical power & rudder to intentionally
ground-loop the airplane. I've also found that windmilling props are
quite a set of brakes on their own. The airplane feels much more slick
with one feathered...and I think Bob Hoover's routine shows how slick
the airframe is with two feathered!

/J

Donnie Rose wrote:
[quote] WCG, that's absolutely right since a Hyd. rupture would cause the aux
pump to pump everything above the sump overboard.


*Donnie Rose
205/492-8444*

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nico(at)cybersuperstore.c
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 4:40 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

I thought a lot after the incident whether feathering both engines was a
good move or not. At the time I was more concerned about collapsing gear and
the expense of a prop strike (I didn't think it was a good time to find out
whether the prop would hit the ground after a gear-collapse) than
directional control, with the runway being more than a mile, slightly uphill
and the rough on the side smooth enough for a couple of hundred feet either
side. It turned out OK. If there had been drainage ditches, a prop strike
would have been the least of my troubles, I guess.
N.


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BobsV35B(at)aol.com
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 5:24 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Good Evening Gentlemen,

Just a comment from a non current Commander type.

It is pretty basic, but do you teach the use of adverse aileron drag to aid in directional control on the ground?

If you are getting down to low speed and the nose starts to swing to the left, full left aileron will help it come back toward the center. Those ailerons are pretty effective even with the nose on the ground. The drag of a down aileron will help even at very low speeds.

It is certainly not intuitive to use left aileron when the nose is swinging to the left, but it will help bring it back to the right!

And, of course, the same principle works if the nose is heading to the right when you do not want it to.

Right aileron will bring the nose to the left.

Happy Skies,

Old Bob
AKA
Bob Siegfried
Ancient Aviator
628 West 86th Street
Downers Grove, IL 60516
630 985-8502
Stearman N3977A
Brookeridge Air Park LL22

In a message dated 4/6/2008 7:41:39 P.M. Central Daylight Time, nico(at)cybersuperstore.com writes:
Quote:
thought a lot after the incident whether feathering both engines was a
good move or not. At the time I was more concerned about collapsing gear and
the expense of a prop strike (I didn't think it was a good time to find out
whether the prop would hit the ground after a gear-collapse) than
directional control, with the runway being more than a mile, slightly uphill
and the rough on the side smooth enough for a couple of hundred feet either
side. It turned out OK. If there had been drainage ditches, a prop strike
would have been the least of my troubles, I guess.
N.



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swperk(at)earthlink.net
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 5:59 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

As a not-so-trivial question, do all Twin Commanders (with the obvious
exception of the 700) have enough prop clearance so that the props won't hit
with the gear retracted? All the ones I've seen *seem* to be that way,
although the 690 series with their larger diameter props look like they'd
get pretty close! Of course, I'm asking about the situation where the plane
stays upright without tilting to either side.

Stan

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jtaddington(at)verizon.ne
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 6:00 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

I might as well put my two cents in. I had a friend, which is the best
electronics man I have ever seen, put a switch in the aux pump system with a
blue light that would come on any time the pump is running. He also put in a
red light to tell me the pump switch was off. This was a long time ago and
we got it by the FAA with a field approval. My first Hydraulic failure the
blue light was what told me I had a problem. It took four failures before we
finally found it was the accumulator. I had a mechanic tell me that I should
check the pressure every so often to see if it was bumping the limit. If it
is I should pump the brakes to bring it back down to the 1000 PSI or the
hydraulic fluid will over heat which is what happened to me. We thought it
was pump seals and hoses. I had one more failure when one of the new hoses
failed. I had brakes and steering on all of them.

Jim A
N444BD
500A

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rsrandazzo(at)precisionma
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 6:17 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Commanders-

I hope I never regret saying this, but: If I am making an emergency landing
with the possibility of gear collapse- I'm willing to accept the probability
of consequential damage that results from making the safest approach and
landing possible with the remaining parts of the airplane.

After all- this is what I pay the insurer for...

<knocking on wood>

Robert S. Randazzo
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John Vormbaum



Joined: 21 Aug 2006
Posts: 273
Location: SF Bay Area, CA

PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 8:01 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Stan,

I can't speak about the turbine airplanes, especially the 690 series and
everything that came after, but I'm sure that all the piston airplanes
will have prop clearance if they land on the belly. There are plenty of
piston models out there with damage history that mentions "gear-up
landing" in the logbooks without mentioning "prop strike". I'm aware of
one airplane that has more than one gear-up landing in the books with no
mention of a teardown or even IRAN.

/John
Stan wrote:
[quote]

As a not-so-trivial question, do all Twin Commanders (with the obvious
exception of the 700) have enough prop clearance so that the props won't hit
with the gear retracted? All the ones I've seen *seem* to be that way,
although the 690 series with their larger diameter props look like they'd
get pretty close! Of course, I'm asking about the situation where the plane
stays upright without tilting to either side.

Stan

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nico(at)cybersuperstore.c
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PostPosted: Sun Apr 06, 2008 9:43 pm    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

I didn't know that, Bob. Thinking about it, it makes sense, although at
about 30 mph, which was when it veered off the runway, I wonder if it would
have changed the outcome.


_____

From: owner-commander-list-server(at)matronics.com
[mailto:owner-commander-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of
BobsV35B(at)aol.com
Sent: Sunday, April 06, 2008 6:22 PM
To: commander-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: Re: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas
Good Evening Gentlemen,

Just a comment from a non current Commander type.

It is pretty basic, but do you teach the use of adverse aileron drag to aid
in directional control on the ground?

If you are getting down to low speed and the nose starts to swing to the
left, full left aileron will help it come back toward the center. Those
ailerons are pretty effective even with the nose on the ground. The drag of
a down aileron will help even at very low speeds.

It is certainly not intuitive to use left aileron when the nose is swinging
to the left, but it will help bring it back to the right!

And, of course, the same principle works if the nose is heading to the right
when you do not want it to.

Right aileron will bring the nose to the left.

Happy Skies,

Old Bob
AKA
Bob Siegfried
Ancient Aviator
628 West 86th Street
Downers Grove, IL 60516
630 985-8502
Stearman N3977A
Brookeridge Air Park LL22


In a message dated 4/6/2008 7:41:39 P.M. Central Daylight Time,
nico(at)cybersuperstore.com writes:

thought a lot after the incident whether feathering both engines was a
good move or not. At the time I was more concerned about collapsing gear and
the expense of a prop strike (I didn't think it was a good time to find out
whether the prop would hit the ground after a gear-collapse) than
directional control, with the runway being more than a mile, slightly uphill
and the rough on the side smooth enough for a couple of hundred feet either
side. It turned out OK. If there had been drainage ditches, a prop strike
would have been the least of my troubles, I guess.
N.

_____

<http://travel.aol.com/travel-guide/united-states?ncid=aoltrv00030000000016>


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BobsV35B(at)aol.com
Guest





PostPosted: Mon Apr 07, 2008 4:31 am    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Good Morning Nico,

Next time you find yourself at a nice long, wide, runway that is dead into a very light wind and you have a bit of time to spare, give it a try! Set the power so that the airplane is stable at about twenty to thirty knots and you will have time to see the various effects.

I generally evaluate any new airplane that I fly in just that manner.

If you try it in a machine that uses spoiler in lieu of aileron, it works just the opposite. Steers like a car! For those aircraft that use a combination of spoiler and aileron, it can get squirrely.

The Boeing 720 was very interesting. Lay in a little bit of aileron and it would steer the same as an aileron only airplane. Lay in a bit more, the spoilers came into play and it swung the other way. Put in the rest of the aileron and back it went!

The Boeing 727 has minimal aileron, but heavy spoiler effectiveness in the ground configuration and it steers more like an automobile.

That beautiful Aero Commander wing is more like a DC-3. Very effective aileron. Even more effective when the nose is still in the air, but still usable with the nose wheel on the ground.

For the Twin Beech and the Curtiss Commando (C-46) such aileron use is the only safe way to control the airplane on the ground. The rudder is almost useless.

The DC-3 is more gentle, but aileron is very effective in ground handling. The Cessna 180 and 185 respond to the technique better than does the 182 but it is still effective in both.

Old trick, but it still works!

Obviously, one of my favorite subjects. Any comments are most welcome!

Happy Skies,

Old Bob
AKA
Bob Siegfried
Ancient Aviator
628 West 86th Street
Downers Grove, IL 60516
630 985-8502
Stearman N3977A
Brookeridge Air Park LL22

In a message dated 4/7/2008 12:44:22 A.M. Central Daylight Time, nico(at)cybersuperstore.com writes:
Quote:
I didn't know that, Bob. Thinking about it, it makes sense, although at about 30 mph, which was when it veered off the runway, I wonder if it would have changed the outcome.





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[quote][b]


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nick(at)container.com
Guest





PostPosted: Mon Apr 07, 2008 5:10 am    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Bob
I have been following this and am unclear as to what to do in the commander ……..is this procedure used when you have lost the nose wheel steering ? and do you steer the opposite direction ? e.g. : turn the control wheel right to go left

From: owner-commander-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-commander-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of BobsV35B(at)aol.com
Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 5:27 AM
To: commander-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: Re: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas



Good Morning Nico,



Next time you find yourself at a nice long, wide, runway that is dead into a very light wind and you have a bit of time to spare, give it a try! Set the power so that the airplane is stable at about twenty to thirty knots and you will have time to see the various effects.



I generally evaluate any new airplane that I fly in just that manner.



If you try it in a machine that uses spoiler in lieu of aileron, it works just the opposite. Steers like a car! For those aircraft that use a combination of spoiler and aileron, it can get squirrely.



The Boeing 720 was very interesting. Lay in a little bit of aileron and it would steer the same as an aileron only airplane. Lay in a bit more, the spoilers came into play and it swung the other way. Put in the rest of the aileron and back it went!



The Boeing 727 has minimal aileron, but heavy spoiler effectiveness in the ground configuration and it steers more like an automobile.



That beautiful Aero Commander wing is more like a DC-3. Very effective aileron. Even more effective when the nose is still in the air, but still usable with the nose wheel on the ground.



For the Twin Beech and the Curtiss Commando (C-46) such aileron use is the only safe way to control the airplane on the ground. The rudder is almost useless.



The DC-3 is more gentle, but aileron is very effective in ground handling. The Cessna 180 and 185 respond to the technique better than does the 182 but it is still effective in both.



Old trick, but it still works!



Obviously, one of my favorite subjects. Any comments are most welcome!



Happy Skies,

Old Bob
AKA
Bob Siegfried
Ancient Aviator
628 West 86th Street
Downers Grove, IL 60516
630 985-8502
Stearman N3977A
Brookeridge Air Park LL22


In a message dated 4/7/2008 12:44:22 A.M. Central Daylight Time, nico(at)cybersuperstore.com writes:
Quote:

I didn't know that, Bob. Thinking about it, it makes sense, although at about 30 mph, which was when it veered off the runway, I wonder if it would have changed the outcome.








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PostPosted: Mon Apr 07, 2008 5:32 am    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

the non turbine bodies will incur a prop strike if only one gear colapses. gmc

> Date: Sun, 6 Apr 2008 21:00:54 -0700
[quote] From: john(at)vormbaum.com
To: commander-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: Re: Commander-List: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas

--> Commander-List message posted by: John Vormbaum <john(at)vormbaum.com>

Stan,

I can't speak about the turbine airplanes, especially the 690 series and
everything that came after, but I'm sure that all the piston airplanes
will have prop clearance if they land on the belly. There are plenty of
piston models out there with damage history that mentions "gear-up
landing" in the logbooks without mentioning "prop strike". I'm aware of
one airplane that has more than one gear-up landing in the books with no
mention of a teardown or even IRAN.

/John


Stan wrote:
> --> Commander-List message posted by: "Stan" <swperk(at)earthlink.net>
>
> As a not-so-trivial question, do all Twin Commanders (with the obvious
> exception of the 700) have enough prop clearance so that the props won't hit
> with the gear retracted? All the ones I've seen *seem* to be that way,
> although the 690 series with their larger diameter props look like they'd
> get pretty close! Of course, I'm asking about the situation where the plane
> stays upright without tilting to either side.
>
> Stan
>
> --


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BobsV35B(at)aol.com
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PostPosted: Mon Apr 07, 2008 6:04 am    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Good Morning Nick,

Actually, I recommend that the procedure be used every time you fly the airplane!

It is so counter intuitive that it needs to be ingrained so that you will use it correctly when the chips are down.

I would imagine your were taught to do it that way from your first hour of training, but the reason it works was not explained. Didn't your instructor tell you to use aileron into the wind in a crosswind?

They will usually tell you that action is to hold the wing down, but the more important reason for using the aileron into the wind is generally to aid in directional control.

Once again, there are many variables and it is just one of many possible techniques, but it does work.

If you have any seaplane experience, you were probably taught how to "Sail" the machine when on the water.

Same deal!

The idea is to use everything that is available at all times, but be careful that you do not apply one correction that is fighting another.

As an example. The Fairchild Model Twenty Four is one of the most delightful and gentle airplanes to fly that I have ever seen. However, the aileron adverse yaw is so great that if full right aileron is used for a slight right crosswind, the left turning effect is so powerful that you will run out of right rudder when trying to hold it straight. That same effect can be seen, though not as powerfully, when flying a Twin Beech or a C-46.

The idea is to know how powerful the turning force is for your individual airplane and then use it according to circumstances that exist.

I try to teach that it be worked with constantly so that the control is available when needed.

Used correctly, the nose wheel steering will only be required for taxiing and, even then, the advantageous use of aileron "adverse" yaw can be helpful.

Any help?

Happy Skies,

Old Bob
AKA
Bob Siegfried
Ancient Aviator
628 West 86th Street
Downers Grove, IL 60516
630 985-8502
Stearman N3977A
Brookeridge Air Park LL22

In a message dated 4/7/2008 8:11:02 A.M. Central Daylight Time, nick(at)container.com writes:
Quote:

Bob
I have been following this and am unclear as to what to do in the commander ……..is this procedure used when you have lost the nose wheel steering ? and do you steer the opposite direction ? e.g. : turn the control wheel right to go left



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steve2(at)sover.net
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PostPosted: Mon Apr 07, 2008 6:20 am    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Ok.... So you're essentially using adverse yaw...... on the ground to steer in a jam....... As long as the ship you're flying develops adverse yaw with aileron.... Yes?
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PostPosted: Mon Apr 07, 2008 6:52 am    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Question answered.... I had not received the last post when I wrote mine......
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PostPosted: Mon Apr 07, 2008 8:36 am    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Hi Steve,

Yep! Except I recommend that it be used not just in a jam, but all of the time!

Happy Skies,

Old Bob
AKA
Bob Siegfried
Ancient Aviator
628 West 86th Street
Downers Grove, IL 60516
630 985-8502
Stearman N3977A
Brookeridge Air Park LL22

In a message dated 4/7/2008 9:21:17 A.M. Central Daylight Time, steve2(at)sover.net writes:
Quote:
Ok.... So you're essentially using adverse yaw...... on the ground to steer in a jam....... As long as the ship you're flying develops adverse yaw with aileron.... Yes?



Planning your summer road trip? Check out AOL Travel Guides.
[quote][b]


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nick(at)container.com
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PostPosted: Mon Apr 07, 2008 10:16 am    Post subject: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas Reply with quote

Bob ,thank you ,I’ll give it a try….

Nicolas E. Martin
Martin Container, Inc.
1402 E. Lomita Blvd.
Wilmington, Ca 90748
Tel: 310-830-5000, Fax : 310-830-2562


From: owner-commander-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-commander-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of BobsV35B(at)aol.com
Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 7:02 AM
To: commander-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: Re: Commander-List: Electric Hydraulic Pump Ideas


Good Morning Nick,



Actually, I recommend that the procedure be used every time you fly the airplane!



It is so counter intuitive that it needs to be ingrained so that you will use it correctly when the chips are down.



I would imagine your were taught to do it that way from your first hour of training, but the reason it works was not explained. Didn't your instructor tell you to use aileron into the wind in a crosswind?



They will usually tell you that action is to hold the wing down, but the more important reason for using the aileron into the wind is generally to aid in directional control.



Once again, there are many variables and it is just one of many possible techniques, but it does work.



If you have any seaplane experience, you were probably taught how to "Sail" the machine when on the water.



Same deal!



The idea is to use everything that is available at all times, but be careful that you do not apply one correction that is fighting another.



As an example. The Fairchild Model Twenty Four is one of the most delightful and gentle airplanes to fly that I have ever seen. However, the aileron adverse yaw is so great that if full right aileron is used for a slight right crosswind, the left turning effect is so powerful that you will run out of right rudder when trying to hold it straight. That same effect can be seen, though not as powerfully, when flying a Twin Beech or a C-46.



The idea is to know how powerful the turning force is for your individual airplane and then use it according to circumstances that exist.



I try to teach that it be worked with constantly so that the control is available when needed.



Used correctly, the nose wheel steering will only be required for taxiing and, even then, the advantageous use of aileron "adverse" yaw can be helpful.



Any help?



Happy Skies,

Old Bob
AKA
Bob Siegfried
Ancient Aviator
628 West 86th Street
Downers Grove, IL 60516
630 985-8502
Stearman N3977A
Brookeridge Air Park LL22


In a message dated 4/7/2008 8:11:02 A.M. Central Daylight Time, nick(at)container.com writes:
Quote:

Bob
I have been following this and am unclear as to what to do in the commander ……..is this procedure used when you have lost the nose wheel steering ? and do you steer the opposite direction ? e.g. : turn the control wheel right to go left







Planning your summer road trip? Check out AOL Travel Guides.
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Checked by AVG. Release Date: 3/27/2008 10:03 AM
Checked by AVG.
3/27/2008 10:03 AM
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