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Fuel tank - bulges and leakage.
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craigb(at)onthenet.com.au
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 1:48 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Where can you get heat sheilding and rocket motors for a europa though
graham??

But on a slightly more serious note, IF the tanks havent been flourine
treated
would it be possible to apply a coating to the inside of the tank before its
installed, or maybe
sprayed into in-situ tanks that havent been filled yet, such as a
vinyl-ester resin which may
atleast slow the whole process down to give the existing tanks a reasonable
service life

craig

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rlborger(at)mac.com
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 4:02 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Graham,

I agree wholeheartedly about the alcohol and for all the same reasons. Turning food into fuel is STOOPID. But, for better or worse, it has been mandated by the Fed. Just like MTBE. Which the oil companies fought tooth & nail because it is one VERY nasty chemical. Strong carcinogen, long-lived and difficult to remove once it gets into the environment. Guess what, our wonderful Fed ignored all the arguments and mandated it anyway. Now we have environmental issues all over the place due to it. FINALLY, two years ago, the Fed dropped the MTBE mandate. But, still required an oxygenate be added to gasoline. That oxygenate is, of course, methanol. Great for the corn farmer, really really bad for everyone else.

And for Ken,

I have no idea if the tank problems are limited to MoGas. It may be so, but it will take some input from folks who have only run AvGas in their aircraft to figure out this one.

Personally, I will only be using AvGas in my Rotax once it is running. Two reasons. #1 Alcohol in MoGas, I won't run it in my Rotax. #2 Difficulty obtaining MoGas at or near airports across the US, better to stick with one type and not worry about it. I do plan to use Decalin TCP & Marvel Mystery Oil as additives in my AvGas and will change the oil at 25 hour intervals.

Check six,
Bob Borger

On Thursday, May 01, 2008, at 04:34AM, "Graham Singleton" <grahamsingleton(at)btinternet.com> wrote:
Quote:


Hi Bob
apreciate your thoughtful reply.
I wish they wouldn't put alcohol in though, It isn't good for engines
and it is even worse for the environment, takes too much energy to make
it and it uses up too much food, (imho!)
Simple answer, there are already too many of us on this planet, we need
to start colonising space!
Graham

Robert Borger wrote:
>
>
> Graham,
According to the Wisconsin State Government, there are over 150
separate chemical in
> gasoline. There are detergents, solvents, oxidents, octane increasers
> and many other things beside C5 - C12 hydrocarbons.

> Certainly there are no insidious reasons for the oil companies to hide
> what goes in their gas. It's just that most folks wouldn't know what
> 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol or methylcyclopentadienyl manganese
> tricarbonyl are or what they do in any case.

> Bob Borger


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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 4:08 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Europaphiles,

Oops... Not Methanol (wood alcohol), but Ethanol (grain alcohol) in that previous post.

Drat, I always get those two mixed up. Luckily, the yeasties don't get them mixed up so I know my beer will always have The Right Stuff.

Check six,
Bob Borger

On Wednesday, April 30, 2008, at 10:06PM, "Keith Hickling" <keithhickling(at)clear.net.nz> wrote:
[quote]

Thanks for that Bob.

So is the problem of cracks and bulges limited to the use of mogas? Has
anyone using Avgas had bulges or cracks in the tank? For those of us who
have not yet had fuel in the tank, would avgas be better?

Keith Hickling,
New Zealand.
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karelvranken(at)hotmail.c
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 5:09 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

I remember Nigel Charles who refered some years ago to the augmentation of the fuel capacity in the tank. In the beginning I toppled at 68 litres and now after 120 hours at 70 litres. Where will it end?
Karel Vranken.
[quote] ---


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sidsel.svein(at)oslo.onli
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 6:06 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

All,

Some further comments from my acquaintance at the scientific institute:

- A warm tank will swell more than a cold one. When exposing HDPE (high
density polyester) to gasoline, the swelling will continue until the
concentration of gasoline absorbed in the material is in equilibrium with
the gasoline outside it. Then the swelling stops. The equilibrium is
temperature dependent, i.e. higher temperature leads to higher absorbtion of
gasoline and hence more swelling.

- Also the chemical resistance of HDPE is temperature dependent. A typical
HDPE commonly used in gasoline cans is classed as "resistant" to high octane
gasoline at 20C (68F), while at a temperature of 60C (140F) it is classed
"not resistant".

- If the gasoline concentration (liquid or gas form) in the tank is reduced
to zero, then the gasoline will diffuse from the polymer and into the tank
atmosphere. In the ideal material, the swelling might then go back to zero,
but not in reality. If the concentration of gasoline in the tank (liquid or
gas form) is not reduced, the gasoline absorbed in the polymer will not
diffuse out, and the tank walls will remain swelled.

- His view is that it does not really matter whether our tanks are kept
topped up or not after each flight, or drained completely for long idle
period. Saturated gasoline fume in the tank over the liquid surface keeps
the swelling at the same stage as when the walls were washed with gasoline.

- So how come some have got cracks? The absorbtion of gasoline causes
swelling. This type of swelling can be compared to stretching of metal - if
stretched too much, the metal breaks. Same thing with HDPE that swells -
swells too much, it breaks. If local hard buckles develop for some reason,
this may overstress the material before it otherwise would. This is
independent of the softening effect that the gasoline absorption also has on
HDPE. Even though it gets softer, it does not take more stretch. Small
differences in tank wall thickness or other individual factors may be the
reason why some have experienced cracks, while most of us have not.

- Having seen the photo of Arnold's tank, he finds the buckling to be more
than might be expected. If one could measure the length along the most
pronounced buckling wave form from side to side, and compare it to the
original width of the tank, the amount of swelling can be estimated. If
this is less than 3 pct, the material is probably resistant to gasoline
according the European industry norm DIN ISO 175. If the swelling is more
than 8 pct, the material most probably is not suitable as its resistance to
gasoline at the prevailing temperature is limited. If the temperature has
been less than 20C (68F), it is not inconceivable that the material in
Arnold's tank is LDPE (low density polyester), which is not commonly used
for gasoline containers. He emphasiszes that he has not studied Arnold's
tank other than the photo, does not know which material has been used in our
tanks and does not wish to make any derogatory remarks or comments on the
Europa tanks.

///////////

We can all make an easy estimate of the swelling of Arnold's tank, by
forming a paper strip to a similar wave form as his tank's and compare the
end-to-end distance with the flat paper's length. Does not take much
bulging before 8 pct is reached - - - -.

//////////

So where do we go from here? I am sending this in copy to Roger at EA2004,
and encourage him to look into this issue with the aim of:

1. ascertaining what type of material is used in the tanks - older and newer
batches - and how does this compare with industry standards for gasoline
(mogas/avgas) containers. Provide this information to the Europa owners.
This might give us some reassurance that we can continue using the tanks "on
condition".

2. irrespective of the findings under 1, initiate a study to come up with a
replacement tank for those who need one and those who wish to replace
theirs. Check with suppliers of industrial containers, with automobile tank
manufacturers, ask this forum for ideas, present your preliminary findings
for comments by this forum (after all, we are the ones to fly around with
it!), test it thoroughly at extreme conditions, ask a fair price and I
guarantee you that you will sell many. While you are at it, why not
increase the height of the cockpit module to more than make up for the tank
volume lost by having to reduce the tank's width some to get it in (up there
you get lots of extra volume due to the full fore/aft space being
available), which also will give us a better angle for the shoulder belts.

Roger, would you kindly give some feedback on this forum as to what your
plans might be, so that we can rest easy that you will proceed with full
speed and we don't feel like we have to design our own, individual
replacement tanks of aluminium, fancy composites or what not, in order to
continue flying safely over water and across mountains - - - .

Regards,
Svein
LN-SKJ


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Gary.Leinberger(at)miller
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 9:05 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

I just replaced mine,although I did it before putting in the cockpit
module - it is actually not too bad to do from the bottom and may in
fact be easier from the top - but you do need to cut out the headrests -
and be ready to totally destroy the old tank, and sand out pieces of the
tank that end up "resined" to the rear upright of the cockpit module - a
very sloppy job - the real problem when working from the top, as I see
it - is that you can't put in the channel or T pieces from the top -
you essentially have to work through the holes for the spars and the
bottom hole for the fuel outlets from the tank - I was thinking however
that part of the problem in this tank may be that we glass it in too
tightly in a few places and as it moves from expansion, it works the
plastic and we get stress cracks - this was the problem on my first tank
- the stress came from using too much air pressure to test the system -
but at best I only cycled the tank to expansion a few times - so if it
failed then, it isn't too much of leap to suggest that regular expansion
from temperature changes could do the same - especially if the tank is
firmly held by fiberglass in a few places - the corner on the outside
edge below the overhang at top seems to be a particular place to
accumulate stress

Maybe it would be smarter when replacing a tank to build a shelf below
that the tank sits on and then strap the tank in with enough elastic
slack to allow movement of the tank - yet still have enough strength to
avoid the tank breaking loose in a crash - but the stress cracks I got
from just a few cycles of air pressure really worry me -

Perhaps some of us could get together and fund the building of a
prototype aluminum (or something else) tank - once we had a design we
could easily reproduce it at much lower cost - I doubt if the factory
could do it because of the nannies in the English PFA - but we could do
it in the US - I would be more than happy to put a hundred dollars or so
to fund development - I don't know how many of us are worried about this
but 50 builders at $100 each - is $5000 - would this be enough to do
this? By the way a replacement tank is 110 pounds and shipping is
another 110 pounds - total cost is over $400 - just for the tank - and
maybe 30-50 hours to replace it - so is $100 worth of insurance each to
have a better fix available worth it? I think so - any feedback from
people that know something about the cost of prototyping - I know the
first one is always expensive - but the second one should be a lot
cheaper -
Gary Leinberger
A237
gleinberger(at)millersville.edu

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rob(at)hyperion-ef.com
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 10:00 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

HDPE = High Density PolyEthylene
LDPE = Low Density PolyEthylene

Polyester is an entirely different polymer, (in)famous for its use in those
"leisure suits" of the 1970s.
Best regards,

Rob Housman
Irvine, CA
Europa XS Tri-Gear
A070
Airframe complete

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alan(at)kestrel-insurance
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 12:25 pm    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Hi Gary

Having had to replace a tank and had the heartache of seeing fuel running
out of the bottom of my aircraft TWICE (second time after attempting to
repair the old tank). I am willing to throe my $100 into the pot.
Count me in.

Alan

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jeff(at)rmmm.net
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 1:33 pm    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

I don't think there is anyone of us that wouldn't pay a reasonable
amount to have a future reliable replacement when needed. There are
dang few aircraft out there that can do what the Europa can do on 4.5
GPH. Add that to the incredible handling of this design and you can put
me down for whatever it takes to keep it flying safely.
For you builders questioning your ownership decision from this post...
DON'T! You can't believe what fun is in store for your efforts.

Regards,

Jeff R.
A258 - N128LJ / Gold Rush 112 hours and enjoying every minute I get to
fly it!!!!


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Gary.Leinberger(at)miller
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 1:58 pm    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Jeff - I will be at Rough River - maybe we can between now and then get
some estimates on the cost of a prototype and poll others and then
discuss it at Rough River?

Gary Leinberger
A237

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m.j.gregory(at)talk21.com
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 3:50 pm    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Craig,

It is certainly possible to have your tank fluorinated before installation,
because it is a post-moulding process.

If you look on the web site of a typical rotational moulding company, e.g.
http://tecni-form.com/faqs12.php#12 you can see the answers to a number of
FAQs, such as Q12:
"Is rotational moulding suitable for manufacturing marine plastic gas
tanks?"
"Rotational moulding is actually a very suitable process for the manufacture
of fuel tanks of all types - including those for marine applications. Both
diesel and petrol tanks are commonly manufactured from either LLDPE (linear
low-density polyethylene), or XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), and for
diesel applications no further processing is required.

"In the case of petrol, post moulding fluorination is used to provide the
barrier properties to meet permeation regulations. However, other materials
may be used, either on their own or in conjunction with polyethylene
(normally as an inner layer) to provide enhanced performance, such as
improved heat resistance or barrier properties."

I sent my early tank back to the company that supplied Europa and it was
fluorinated for about 23GBP (plus return carriage) and returned within a few
days, about seven years ago. I expect any rotational moulding company that
produces petrol tanks would be able to fluorinate yours at a similarly
modest cost, without your having to ship it back to England to the original
manufacturers.

I do not know whether it would be possible to fluorinate a tank in situ.

Regards

Mike

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Venu Rao



Joined: 14 Oct 2007
Posts: 16
Location: Texas

PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 4:34 pm    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Count me in for my $100 too!

I might also suggest that we explore increasing this amount if the
$5,000 is an underestimate. We should run the numbers to see if those
of us who put up this seed money will get their money back as a
discount off the new tank design.

I'd like very much to see a solution asap. Knowing heat can compromise
the tank, I'm not looking forward to a searing Texas Summer. We Texans
may have to cold store in summer and fly in winter Wink

Cheers,

Venu Rao
Austin, Texas
Europa mono - A058
Flying-132.5 hours
Builder: James Nelson

On May 1, 2008, at 15:22, Alan Burrows <alan(at)kestrel-insurance.com>
wrote:

[quote]
>

Hi Gary

Having had to replace a tank and had the heartache of seeing fuel
running
out of the bottom of my aircraft TWICE (second time after attempting
to
repair the old tank). I am willing to throe my $100 into the pot.
Count me in.

Alan

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_________________
Venu Rao
Austin, TX
Europa Mono
Builder: Jim Nelson
TTAE 119.1 hrs
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rlborger(at)mac.com
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 6:24 pm    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Gary,

Count me in.

Check six,
Bob Borger
Europa Kit #A221 N914XL, XS Mono, Intercooled 914, Airmaster C/S
http://www.europaowners.org/N914XL
(90%) tail kit done, wings closed, cockpit module installed, pitch
system in, landing gear complete, rudder system in with Singleton Mod,
outrigger mod in, Fuselage Top on, lift/drag/flap pins in, wing
incidence set, tie bar in, flap drive in, baggage bay in. Fuel system
complete. Rotax and Airmaster installed. Mods 62, 66, 70 & 72 done.
Completed the instrument panel install. Europa interior kit being
installed. Installed windows. Working in - 25 Electrical, 28 Flaps,
30 Fuel System, 32 Tail, 34 Door Latches & 35 Doors, 37 Finishing.
Mostly finishing these days.
3705 Lynchburg Dr.
Corinth, TX 76208
Home: 940-497-2123
Cel: 817-992-1117

On May 1, 2008, at 12:02, Gary Leinberger wrote:

[quote]
>

I just replaced mine,although I did it before putting in the cockpit
module - it is actually not too bad to do from the bottom and may in
fact be easier from the top - but you do need to cut out the
headrests -
and be ready to totally destroy the old tank, and sand out pieces of
the
tank that end up "resined" to the rear upright of the cockpit module
- a
very sloppy job - the real problem when working from the top, as I see
it - is that you can't put in the channel or T pieces from the top -
you essentially have to work through the holes for the spars and the
bottom hole for the fuel outlets from the tank - I was thinking
however
that part of the problem in this tank may be that we glass it in too
tightly in a few places and as it moves from expansion, it works the
plastic and we get stress cracks - this was the problem on my first
tank
- the stress came from using too much air pressure to test the
system -
but at best I only cycled the tank to expansion a few times - so if it
failed then, it isn't too much of leap to suggest that regular
expansion
from temperature changes could do the same - especially if the tank is
firmly held by fiberglass in a few places - the corner on the outside
edge below the overhang at top seems to be a particular place to
accumulate stress

Maybe it would be smarter when replacing a tank to build a shelf below
that the tank sits on and then strap the tank in with enough elastic
slack to allow movement of the tank - yet still have enough strength
to
avoid the tank breaking loose in a crash - but the stress cracks I got
from just a few cycles of air pressure really worry me -

Perhaps some of us could get together and fund the building of a
prototype aluminum (or something else) tank - once we had a design we
could easily reproduce it at much lower cost - I doubt if the factory
could do it because of the nannies in the English PFA - but we
could do
it in the US - I would be more than happy to put a hundred dollars
or so
to fund development - I don't know how many of us are worried about
this
but 50 builders at $100 each - is $5000 - would this be enough to do
this? By the way a replacement tank is 110 pounds and shipping is
another 110 pounds - total cost is over $400 - just for the tank - and
maybe 30-50 hours to replace it - so is $100 worth of insurance each
to
have a better fix available worth it? I think so - any feedback from
people that know something about the cost of prototyping - I know the
first one is always expensive - but the second one should be a lot
cheaper -
Gary Leinberger
A237
gleinberger(at)millersville.edu

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n100rh(at)sbcglobal.net
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PostPosted: Thu May 01, 2008 6:28 pm    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

In case I missed it, has anyone suggested the option of a rubber bladder
in the existing tank?

Ralph
rk Hallett
Reno, NV

Venu Rao wrote:
[quote]

Count me in for my $100 too!

I might also suggest that we explore increasing this amount if the
$5,000 is an underestimate. We should run the numbers to see if those
of us who put up this seed money will get their money back as a
discount off the new tank design.

I'd like very much to see a solution asap. Knowing heat can compromise
the tank, I'm not looking forward to a searing Texas Summer. We Texans
may have to cold store in summer and fly in winter Wink

Cheers,

Venu Rao
Austin, Texas
Europa mono - A058
Flying-132.5 hours
Builder: James Nelson

On May 1, 2008, at 15:22, Alan Burrows <alan(at)kestrel-insurance.com>
wrote:

>
> <alan(at)kestrel-insurance.com>
>
> Hi Gary
>
> Having had to replace a tank and had the heartache of seeing fuel
> running
> out of the bottom of my aircraft TWICE (second time after attempting to
> repair the old tank). I am willing to throe my $100 into the pot.
> Count me in.
>
> Alan
>
> --


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PostPosted: Fri May 02, 2008 1:30 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Thanks mike, I actually spoke to roger at Europa last night, when i was
ordering some bits off him
and asked him about the flourine treatment, and his response was that my kit
#577 had a treated tank
as original, so i guess, I have nothing to worry about or anyone who came
after 577.

Just for the guys thinking about the alloy tank prototype route, you HAVE a
prototype, If you can "Borrow"
one of the original tanks and copy it, Given it is largely flat panels, two
with curves it would be easy to copy
in a light sheet alloy or stainless. I would be happy to loan my tank other
than its installed already, I am sure
others would.

craig

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PostPosted: Fri May 02, 2008 1:31 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Just for the guys thinking about the alloy tank prototype route, you HAVE a
prototype, If you can "Borrow"
one of the original tanks and copy it, Given it is largely flat panels, two
with curves it would be easy to copy
in a light sheet alloy or stainless. I would be happy to loan my tank other
than its installed already, I am sure
others would.

craig

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jan.de.jong(at)xs4all.nl
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PostPosted: Fri May 02, 2008 4:51 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

My tank has not been fitted yet. I think I will fit it, carefully,
making sure it was fluorinated first. I may have it fluorinated again.
It seems to me that the bracketing according to the manual may be too
rigid around the tunnel, especially if the brackets get bonded to the
tank. I understand local swelling differences up to 5% or so should be
accommodated without inducing the tank to tear.
I am playing with the idea of applying wool felt to all bracket surfaces
restraining vertical and sideways movement, also avoiding bonding
between the other bracket surfaces with the tank.
The process would be something like:
1. lay up brackets (3 plies) on tank - one face felt, other face bare;
no bonding to tank; experiment to achieve good felt-bracket interface -
felt may need an impermeable layer of something first..
2. install tank by bonding brackets to cockpit (araldite 420)
3. scuff sand and finish brackets (2 x 3 plies, 1 x 1 ply)
I am also playing with the idea of having part of the weight born by the
fuselage shell (as Ron's foam does I believe). That could be fitted when
the cockpit is bonded to the canoe.
As mentioned the aileron drive protection could also be made somewhat
larger.
Comments?

Jan de Jong
#461


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nigel_graham(at)btconnect
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PostPosted: Fri May 02, 2008 6:01 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Craig,

I have been watching this thread develop with interest.
I came to the conclusion a long time ago that I was not happy with the
plastic tank. The theory was great - but the execution left a lot to be
desired.

To cut a long story sideways, I did make a magnesium alloy tank, and used
the opportunity to increase the volume, and include solid state liquid level
sensors in addition to the capacitance fuel probe, proper filters and AN
fittings for alloy fuel pipes.

Don't be under any illusions over how long this will take. All in all this
set me back about 18 months of careful planning, pattern making and cutting.
All edges were flanged and riveted to hold everything in precise place prior
to welding. The conical fuselage section requires some interesting
developments that are nowhere near a simple as they look.
Admittedly, mine is more complex than you will most likely need, as I
extended up into the headrests to increase volume (on the C of G).

FYI take a look at the attached document I provided to our PFA to secure
approval. It gives you a good idea of what the finished alloy tank might
look like. Hopefully you can get a neater welder Sad
My tank looked wonderful before welding. I could have cried when I received
back the crumpled results.

Nigel (the other one) Graham

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Gary.Leinberger(at)miller
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PostPosted: Fri May 02, 2008 6:10 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

That was my thought - I have kept my old tank to use as a way to model
our needs for an aluminum tank - any body have experience in this area?
Any estimates on weight of tank?
Gary Leinberger
A237

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jeffrey-j-paris(at)excite
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PostPosted: Fri May 02, 2008 6:17 am    Post subject: Fuel tank - bulges and leakage. Reply with quote

Dear Europa List,

I have been keenly reading about this tank problem. I picked up Kit#A012 a year ago aka a monowheel classic from a man who bought the kit in 1996 and didn't get very far. It just so happens that I was in the middle of "soaking" my tank in fuel to get it to swell before I mount it in the cockpit module. All I can say is good timing and I'm all ears at this point in time to see what is the best course of action to stop thje "battle of the bulge."

Would this be a possibility? I was researching an epoxy based fuel tank liner kit that you mix and slosh around the inside of your tank, in addition to supporting the tank as evenly and thoroughly as possible. My line of reasoning is that maybe it would be a first line of defense from the solvents that "soften" the HDPE. My only concern is the possibility of this liner material might flake off because of the "plastic" nature of the tank. Tghe vendor of this epoxy suggest that you fill the tank with dry wall screws and shake the hell out of the tank to key up the inside of the tank for the epoxy coating. I'd be interested to see what ideas in terms of BRAINSTORMING this challenge might illicit.

Cheers,

Jeff Paris #A012 700 hours into build
Europa Classic Monowheel

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