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Trailering a Kitfox
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Lynn Matteson



Joined: 10 Jan 2006
Posts: 2778
Location: Grass Lake, Michigan

PostPosted: Tue Jan 06, 2009 9:12 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

Out of curiosity, what kind of tailwheel spring do/did you have, and
how many leaves? Count all the leaves, whether or not they are long
or short. Or do you have the one-piece Grove spring?

Lynn Matteson
Kitfox IV Speedster, taildragger
Jabiru 2200, #2062, 596+ hrs
Sensenich 62x46
flying again after engine rebuild, and new Electroair direct-fire
ignition system;
also building a new pair of snow skis
do not archive

On Jan 6, 2009, at 8:47 AM, 815TL wrote:

Quote:


Ya know, I never realy gave it any thought as to if the wings
should be level or not, or wind preassure on the top of the wings.
It all makes sense. That being said, I trailered mine over 1100
miles with the tailwheel down on the deck. Most of the ime I was
doing 65-75 on the highway. As far as I can tell nothing was
damaged. So it may put more stresses on the top of the wing in the
tail down configuration, but the bird seems to handle it just fine.

Andrew
815TL, Kitfox II, Rotax 582-C


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N369LM
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PostPosted: Tue Jan 06, 2009 9:39 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

Oh boy, better check my physics huh? Wink Ok, I did...

First of all a Kitfox wing being trailered is not a "wing", as in "airfoil",
it is a "plane". A rather weak plane at that, given that the upper surface
is cambered and sheds the wind. Place some flat rigid plywood on top of the
wings (as a mind experiment, not for real please) and you would have a true
plane.

This is a relevant topic for me because in between rants on this forum I am
completing a new roof on my house that I designed and built from scratch. I
replaced a higher slope (8 in 12) roof with a low-slope (3 in 12) dormer. I
live on top of an 800' hill and the roof faces the weather side of WNW. I
measured 30mph winds yesterday and 60+ is not uncommon, so wind is a big
consideration. Keeping to topic - it's a bit like trailering a kitfox into
the wind at an angle.

I researched any building code requirements and there are none for "wind
weight", just snow loading and "wind uplift". At low angles the wind is
deflected upward causing negative pressure at the surface, hence uplift.
High winds do not crush roofs into houses, they lift them off. There is a
range of angle-of-incidence however, steeper roofs have lower effects from
uplift. Both my roof and my kitfox wings however fall well within the uplift
slope range. I could include real physics formulas here but I think it was
Richard Feynman who said "with every formula you will lose 10% of your
readers". Google "wind uplift" for the math if you want.

I'm glad you used the old hand-out-the-window analogy, we've all done it as
kids, hopefully some of us can even remember back that far<g>. Tilting up
slightly gives up-pressure, down gives down-pressure as you said. BUT - tilt
further in either direction and you won't be able to hold it, and you will
find there is a sharp breakpoint for that effect. That is the point where
"uplift" forces no longer mitigate the direct wind pressure. Now try to hold
your hand at exactly level - you can't, your hand will bob up and down.
Don't do this with any bikers around, they might misconstrue your
intentions. Now put a piece of thin aluminum out both windows (in your
mind's-eye, it's easier); one at a low angle-of-incidence and one as close
as possible to 0 degrees. The one at an angle will be forced downward with a
relatively constant force, the other will oscillate. Guess which will still
be attached after a few minutes like that?

Now let's go to a fly-in (again imagining) with our Kitfoxes and fold the
wings overnight. I will tie some weights to the ends of my wings and you tie
on a mechanism that flings a lighter weight around up-and-down all night.
Next morning let's see who is more comfortable unfolding the wings and
taking off. I'm not going up in your plane mate! Disclaimer - I'm sure the
Kitfox is well enough designed to handle the up-and-down forces at that
unusual angle, that the welds will hold and there will be no evidence of
metal fatigue. But I'm still not going up in your plane mate! BTW no need to
come up with a contraption to put up-and-down forces on the wings, just
trailer with the wings level to the wind, it's the same thing.

Really back on topic - trailering with the wings at a low angle-of-incidence
to the wind will put a low, stabilising downward force on them, mitigated by
the effect of wind uplift as long as the angle is shallow. Travelling with
the wings level into the wind will cause varying forces in all directions
that will all focus on the attach points - with a moment force multiplier of
about 16ft.

I'm fairly sure no trailered Kitfoxes have had their wings fall off due to
structural failure due to metal fatique, but as a recently educated ELSA
inspector I would sure want to do some NDT scans on the attach points if I
knew the wings had been trailered level.

Just my 4 cents, and some armchair physics.

Bob Brennan - N717GB
ELSA Repairman, inspection rated
1991 UK Model 2 ELSA Kitfox
Rotax 582 with 3 blade prop
Wrightsville Pa

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akflyer



Joined: 07 May 2007
Posts: 574
Location: Soldotna AK

PostPosted: Tue Jan 06, 2009 6:58 pm    Post subject: Re: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

been biting my tongue on this one for awhile... Have any the rocket scientists here bothered to look at what the factory designed for towing? These were designed by the original engineers, and were made to tow the dang plane wings level. I bet they were on to something when they came up with this hair brained idea to tow a plane down a road...

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Avid "C" / Mk IV
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Float Flyr



Joined: 19 Jul 2006
Posts: 2704
Location: Campbellton, Newfoundland

PostPosted: Tue Jan 06, 2009 8:14 pm    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

The idea was good but towing a plane on its own main gear has a raft of
other problems that have been discussed to death here. You are spot on
though in noticing they always towed with the wings level. If memory serves
correctly the very first Avid was towed halfway across the continent and
back on its own gear.

Noel

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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 5:38 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

Here is a picture of my model 2 being towed away from my UK airstrip with
the original tow kit as supplied by Denney and as designed by the original
engineers, I assume this because the attach points are built into the frame.

Slightly blocked by me and my feigned tears (sorry) you can see the red spar
brace installed to give the front spar some support and mainly to stop
vibration at the attach points. Not in the picture are 2 small red braces
that secure the wings to the tail assembly so they cannot swing out in
transit.

Note that the wings are most definitely not level, but are carried as low as
tailwheel clearance will allow. I make an assumption in saying it was
designed that way for all the aerodynamic reasons I have stated in previous
posts, but it was certainly designed to be that way.

The limitations of towing a Kitfox this way are clearly stated in the
owner's manual - don't go over 40mph or farther than 10 miles. This is due
to the size of the wheels, bearing tolerances, narrow wheelbase, and
aerodynamic safety considerations - it could easily flip over in a crosswind
or updraft.

I choose to trailer on a flatbed with wheels strapped to the bed to
eliminate the restrictions and keep the aerodynamics the same as the
original designers intended - wings low into the wind.

Bob Brennan - N717GB
ELSA Repairman, inspection rated
1991 UK Model 2 ELSA Kitfox
Rotax 582 with 3 blade prop
Wrightsville Pa

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chuckp



Joined: 14 Apr 2008
Posts: 13
Location: Bethesda, MD

PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 5:43 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

Also biting my tongue! I have towed my Avid for 15 years backwards with the wings level at 65-70 mph and have never noticed any wind induced oscillations except from truck wake vortices. Of course, even with the wings level, the angle of attack is not zero due to the downwash from the towing vehicle,, which applies a small downward force to the folded wings.Far more damaging are the inertial forces on the wing hinges from bouncing down the road. This did cause the wing carry-through tube in my bird to fatigue which I luckedly discovered upon preflight. I repaired that and beefed up both hinge tubes with welded gussets and doubling up the tube internally. Adding braces to triangulate the foldback struts also limits any movement due to the inertial loads. See the photos under Pops' Avid A. Towing is harder on the plane than anything except crashing!

Pops
Flying and grinning since 1956
[quote][b]


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Avid STOL N113P
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akflyer



Joined: 07 May 2007
Posts: 574
Location: Soldotna AK

PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 7:26 am    Post subject: Re: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

matronics(at)bob.brennan. wrote:
Here is a picture of my model 2 being towed away from my UK airstrip with
the original tow kit as supplied by Denney and as designed by the original
engineers, I assume this because the attach points are built into the frame.

Slightly blocked by me and my feigned tears (sorry) you can see the red spar
brace installed to give the front spar some support and mainly to stop
vibration at the attach points. Not in the picture are 2 small red braces
that secure the wings to the tail assembly so they cannot swing out in
transit.

Note that the wings are most definitely not level, but are carried as low as
tailwheel clearance will allow. I make an assumption in saying it was
designed that way for all the aerodynamic reasons I have stated in previous
posts, but it was certainly designed to be that way.

The limitations of towing a Kitfox this way are clearly stated in the
owner's manual - don't go over 40mph or farther than 10 miles. This is due
to the size of the wheels, bearing tolerances, narrow wheelbase, and
aerodynamic safety considerations - it could easily flip over in a crosswind
or updraft.

I choose to trailer on a flatbed with wheels strapped to the bed to
eliminate the restrictions and keep the aerodynamics the same as the
original designers intended - wings low into the wind.

Bob Brennan - N717GB
ELSA Repairman, inspection rated
1991 UK Model 2 ELSA Kitfox
Rotax 582 with 3 blade prop
Wrightsville Pa

--


Wings low on yours are due to having it hooked to the bumper of a rice burner. I would have to say that if it were hooked to a truck, it would be real dang close to wings level, just like mine is when hooked to a truck.


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Leonard Perry aka SNAKE
Soldotna AK
Avid "C" / Mk IV
582 (147 hrs and counting on the rebuild)
IVO IFA
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#1 snake oil salesman since 1-22-2009

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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 7:41 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

Thanks for the facts Pops and sorry about the tongue, mine gets pretty sore too trying to sort out facts from opinion here. After hearing that so many Kitfoxers trailer their birds with the wings level I am wondering if I should modify my rig to do the same, but so far have only seen evidence to the contrary.

Could I ask for a few more facts about your experience please? You say you had wing carry-through tube metal fatigue after 15 years of trailering with wings level but attribute that to "bouncing down the road" rather than aerodynamic effects, and have never noticed "induced oscillations" - I assume in your rear view mirror while travelling at speed. Obviously (to me at least) you would have to already have catastrophic failure of the attach points to see physical movement from that distance and would not be able to see loads capable of causing metal fatigue, don't you agree? And since you did have failure and did not see the cause the question is rhetorical. If I noticed any effect from truck wake vortices, other than the entire trailer being pushed to one side, I would seriously rethink my rigging.

Questions - do you install front spar braces while towing? Before the failures? What kind of trailer do you use? What kind of suspension does it have, since you believe it is road bounces that caused your failures? I use a 21ft car trailer with tandem axles and load-levelling leafspring suspension, although since the trailer is rated for 7,000 lb I suspect the suspension doesn't do a lot for my 500 lb bird.

Has anyone else on the list had, or know of, similar failures at those particular points? Or know of any factory ADs addressing that type of failure? If anyone had a similar failure - to what did you attribute the cause? And obviously do you trailer, and how?

A lack of response to the above questions obviously does not prove anything, but Pop's fatigue failures (your plane, not you Pops!) is exactly what I would expect given the way the plane was rigged for trailering, and exactly what I wish to avoid.

Bob Brennan - N717GB
ELSA Repairman, inspection rated
1991 UK Model 2 ELSA Kitfox
Rotax 582 with 3 blade prop
Wrightsville Pa
From: owner-kitfox-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-kitfox-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Chuck Popenoe
Sent: 07 January 2009 8:43 am
To: kitfox-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: Re: Trailering a Kitfox

Also biting my tongue! I have towed my Avid for 15 years backwards with the wings level at 65-70 mph and have never noticed any wind induced oscillations except from truck wake vortices. Of course, even with the wings level, the angle of attack is not zero due to the downwash from the towing vehicle,, which applies a small downward force to the folded wings.Far more damaging are the inertial forces on the wing hinges from bouncing down the road. This did cause the wing carry-through tube in my bird to fatigue which I luckedly discovered upon preflight. I repaired that and beefed up both hinge tubes with welded gussets and doubling up the tube internally. Adding braces to triangulate the foldback struts also limits any movement due to the inertial loads. See the photos under Pops' Avid A. Towing is harder on the plane than anything except crashing!

Pops
Flying and grinning since 1956
[quote]

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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 7:54 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

C'mon Leonard, to get the wings level with my factory-supplied tow kit the
hitch would have to be more than 3ft off the ground. It's a Class 2 hitch,
not a 5th wheel!

If the designers had meant the wings to be level they would have built a bar
that raised it to that height while attached to a regulation class 2 hitch
ball. While there is no regulation height for a class 2 hitch ball most
class 2 hitch trailers are designed for anywhere between 12" to 20" off the
road.

Do not archive
Bob Brennan - N717GB
ELSA Repairman, inspection rated
1991 UK Model 2 ELSA Kitfox
Rotax 582 with 3 blade prop
Wrightsville Pa

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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 8:20 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

[quote]Way back when -- Skystar was queried at either Osh or at the flyinn? about trailering an possible damage to the plane. At that time Skystar was using an enclosed locally built trailer. They had instrumented the trailer & plane and the result were acceleration spikes that exceeded the calculated plane design limits. The conclusion was that any trailer must be designed with a very soft ride and driven at a very slow speed. They left it up to the builder to go from there. Paul [quote][b]

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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 8:20 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

All this talk about trailering kitfoxes reminds me of a time when I was in
Dental School lectures and after an instructor would explain a time worn
dental procedure, there was always someone who would raise his hand and give
his reasons why the procedure wouldn't work - this is a true story.

I don't have a trailer so for me this is all really theoritical, but Denney
built trailers that towed tail first with the tailwheel elevated, Skystar
did the same. I am absolutely certain that if there were issues with this
method, the opinions would be backed up by at least one certified event -
lots of years and miles here. The only instance of an issue directly
involved with trailering I can recall (other than the all too frequent
hangar rash type incidental damage) was when a guy was trailering his
airplane to the airport nose first and the straps holding the wings back
failed. In that instance, aerodynamic forces unfolded the wings and they
extended and mowed down a couple of roadside signs including a stop sign. I
don't know if this report is in the archives or was on the list long before
Matronics. This instance was usually brought up during periodic discussions
of what would happen if the forward spar attach clevis should come out in
flight. The consesus is that aerodynamic forces would hold the wings
forward in a flying configuration.

As chuck mentions and this has been discussed many times before, the sprung
weight and the spring capacity is the greatest issue in trailering. This is
why most who have built a Kitfox dedicated trailer has opted for a boat
trailer as the base structure- something that is designed to carry about
1000 lbs. rather than a two ton car. This also reminds me of the time I
went on a bigrig delivery with a long haul driver freind. We dropped the
trailer once and rode the tractor to find some food. Without the weight of
the trailer, it was as if there was absolutely no springs on the tractor.
Put a Kitfox on a flat bed car hauler and effectively no springs.

And Bob, regarding your latest post. Yes it was designed that way but
imagine the structure required to put the wings at any other angle. The
design was simply to put the attatch points at solid locations - bottom
longerons and at a bulkhead - and use a simple bar for the hook up. The
wing angle just happened.

Lowell

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Vic Baker



Joined: 11 Jan 2006
Posts: 71
Location: Carson City, Nevada

PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 8:24 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

This method seems to work well. I would never exceed 55mph while towing.
Note the wing braces and safety line insuring wings stay in folded position
while towing. Vert stab protected by pad. Elevator tied in down (nose
down) position via control stick. The transport kit is avail from
KitfoxAircraft.

Vic Baker
S7 912S Warp
Phase 1 flight testing
Carson City, Nv
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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 8:40 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

Good input Lowell. And yes I can "imagine the structure required to put the
wings at any other angle" = a simple bend in the bar with gussets or more
load-bearing = an extra piece welded vertically to form an "A" to bring the
longeron above horizontal and the wings level. Not a big challenge for a
welder and probably more stable than the very long single bar that I have.
And saying "the wing angle just happened" negates the original poster who
said the original engineers must have known what they were doing and who are
we to question.

Sorry, not convinced, but nice try. I'm just a trouble-maker at heart Wink If
I had gone to Dental School I would say "I was that guy"

Do you have any pictures, diagrams, specs, or anything on the "Denney built
trailers that towed tail first with the tailwheel elevated, Skystar did the
same" please?

Bob Brennan - N717GB
ELSA Repairman, inspection rated
1991 UK Model 2 ELSA Kitfox
Rotax 582 with 3 blade prop
Wrightsville Pa

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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 8:48 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

Good picture Vic, with the wings pitched down into the wind at what I would
consider the perfect angle exactly the same as the towbar kit. I sure hope
this picture isn't representative of what others have called "wings level"!

What are the thingies on the prop tips if you don't mind my asking? I
promise not to start another thread about them....

Bob Brennan - N717GB
ELSA Repairman, inspection rated
1991 UK Model 2 ELSA Kitfox
Rotax 582 with 3 blade prop
Wrightsville Pa

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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 8:55 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

So they only measured road shock and nothing to do with aerodynamic effects of an open trailer?

Glad I trailer using a tandem axle with load-leveling suspension, it goes through potholes one wheel at a time and very little effect on the bed. Can't afford "fully enclosed" though. I assume their test trailer was single axle?

bob

From: owner-kitfox-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-kitfox-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of paul wilson
Sent: 07 January 2009 11:19 am
To: kitfox-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: RE: Trailering a Kitfox

[quote]Way back when -- Skystar was queried
at either Osh or at the flyinn? about trailering an possible damage to
the plane. At that time Skystar was using an enclosed locally built
trailer. They had instrumented the trailer & plane and the result
were acceleration spikes that exceeded the calculated plane design
limits. The conclusion was that any trailer must be designed with a very
soft ride and driven at a very slow speed. They left it up to the builder
to go from there.
Paul
Quote:


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akflyer



Joined: 07 May 2007
Posts: 574
Location: Soldotna AK

PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 10:14 am    Post subject: Re: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

matronics(at)bob.brennan. wrote:
Good picture Vic, with the wings pitched down into the wind at what I would
consider the perfect angle exactly the same as the towbar kit. I sure hope
this picture isn't representative of what others have called "wings level"!

What are the thingies on the prop tips if you don't mind my asking? I
promise not to start another thread about them....

Bob Brennan - N717GB
ELSA Repairman, inspection rated
1991 UK Model 2 ELSA Kitfox
Rotax 582 with 3 blade prop
Wrightsville Pa

--


you are right, the wings are not perfectly level, but the tail is not sitting on the deck either.... I have not put the incidence meter on it so I cant give you a exact degree.


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DO NOT ARCHIVE
Leonard Perry aka SNAKE
Soldotna AK
Avid "C" / Mk IV
582 (147 hrs and counting on the rebuild)
IVO IFA
Full Lotus 1450
#1 snake oil salesman since 1-22-2009

I would rather die trying to live, than to live trying not to die....
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815TL



Joined: 10 Oct 2008
Posts: 62

PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 10:51 am    Post subject: Re: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

Lynn Matteson wrote:
Out of curiosity, what kind of tailwheel spring do/did you have, and
how many leaves? Count all the leaves, whether or not they are long
or short. Or do you have the one-piece Grove spring?

Lynn Matteson
Kitfox IV Speedster, taildragger
Jabiru 2200, #2062, 596+ hrs
Sensenich 62x46
flying again after engine rebuild, and new Electroair direct-fire
ignition system;
also building a new pair of snow skis
do not archive

On Jan 6, 2009, at 8:47 AM, 815TL wrote:

Quote:


Ya know, I never realy gave it any thought as to if the wings
should be level or not, or wind preassure on the top of the wings.
It all makes sense. That being said, I trailered mine over 1100
miles with the tailwheel down on the deck. Most of the ime I was
doing 65-75 on the highway. As far as I can tell nothing was
damaged. So it may put more stresses on the top of the wing in the
tail down configuration, but the bird seems to handle it just fine.

Andrew
815TL, Kitfox II, Rotax 582-C


Read this topic online here:

http://forums.matronics.com/viewtopic.php?p 23118#223118



I have a dual leaf spring, with a Maul wheel I believe. When trailering I did prop a small piece of 2x4 under the leaf spring attatch point so that the wheel and spring were not taking all the bouncing.

Andrew


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matronics(at)bob.brennan.
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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 11:54 am    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

Leonard - from the picture Vic Baker sent(attached) I would guess the wings
are between 5 and 10 degrees down into the wind, in my opinion a good angle
for trailering but certainly nowhere near "level". In my most humble opinion
"level" means level means 0 degrees to the wind, which I have been trying to
determine is a bad thing or not.

Trailering using the factory-supplied towbar or tailwheel-down "on the deck"
puts the wing incidence angle at between 10 and 15 degrees down I estimate,
and should be towed within the factory recommended range of no more than
40mph. If I were to tow my bird any distance or at any speed I would install
the braces and raise the tailwheel to between 5 and 10 degrees down, but
never to "level".

Kirk Hull's picture (hope you don't mind me attaching here Kirk) shows a
setup where the wings are level.

Bob Brennan - N717GB
ELSA Repairman, inspection rated
1991 UK Model 2 ELSA Kitfox
Rotax 582 with 3 blade prop
Wrightsville Pa

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pwmac(at)sisna.com
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PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 12:55 pm    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

For my long journey to the new home I used a tandem axle car hauler & low pressure tires. The trailer had 4' high sides so I strapped the wings to the side with lots of padding. I strapped the fuge down and supported the tail so the wheel had no load, Then I covered the whole trailer with a trap to get rid of the air loads.
Sorry I don't remember details about their trailer. The newer trailer with cabinets inside was a tandem unit.
Paul

At 08:55 AM 1/7/2009, you wrote:
[quote]So they only measured road shock and nothing to do with aerodynamic effects of an open trailer?

Glad I trailer using a tandem axle with load-leveling suspension, it goes through potholes one wheel at a time and very little effect on the bed. Can't afford "fully enclosed" though. I assume their test trailer was single axle?

bob

From: owner-kitfox-list-server(at)matronics.com [ mailto:owner-kitfox-list-server(at)matronics.com (owner-kitfox-list-server(at)matronics.com)] On Behalf Of paul wilson
Sent: 07 January 2009 11:19 am
To: kitfox-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: RE: Trailering a Kitfox


Quote:
Way back when -- Skystar was
queried
at either Osh or at the flyinn? about trailering an possible damage to
the plane. At that time Skystar was using an enclosed locally built
trailer. They had instrumented the trailer & plane and the result
were acceleration spikes that exceeded the calculated plane design
limits. The conclusion was that any trailer must be designed with a very
soft ride and driven at a very slow speed. They left it up to the
builder
to go from there.
Paul

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Float Flyr



Joined: 19 Jul 2006
Posts: 2704
Location: Campbellton, Newfoundland

PostPosted: Wed Jan 07, 2009 2:09 pm    Post subject: Trailering a Kitfox Reply with quote

I did see a hitch for towing a 'Fox that had a screw that made the hitch
adjustable up and down several inches. I was part of the arm not the hitch.

Another idea would be to cut the arms and plate them back together like a
roof truss. I'd only bother with that if you are consistently 0towing long
distances at highway speeds.

Noel

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Kitfox III-A
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