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Minimum altitude to return to airport
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luckymacy(at)comcast.net
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PostPosted: Sat Mar 04, 2006 6:05 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60 degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a short runway and needed to land on the numbers.

He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.

So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan. http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

Lucky

OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?


OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typicallybegins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climboutafter a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60 degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a short runway and needed to land on the numbers.

He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.

So anyway, here'sa real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan. http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm


He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he gives.Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

Lucky


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jsflyrv



Joined: 03 Jan 2006
Posts: 22

PostPosted: Sat Mar 04, 2006 7:00 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

lucky wrote:

Quote:


OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60 degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a short runway and needed to land on the numbers.

He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.

So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan. http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

Lucky
He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.

So anyway, here'sa real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan. http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm


He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he gives.Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

Lucky



Sounds great on paper and is great that you can do it while expecting it

to happen. The down side to that theory is that at many controlled
airports you cannot
just start turning xwind 400 ft because of conflict with other
controlled traffic. At many airport you cannot start a turn at 400 ft
because of noise abatement procedures.
I have had the experience as others here have had and it WILL take you a
few seconds to grasp what the problem is and how to solve it. At 400 ft
you are losing
valuable time and airspeed. I can whip my RV-6 around on a dime too if I
am planning on it.

Not telling anyone to try it or not try it just giving an opinion that
is a valuable as what you pay for it. Smile

Jerry
do not archive


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john(at)fureychrysler.com
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PostPosted: Sat Mar 04, 2006 7:00 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

Please be very careful. As an instructor for a specific make of aircraft we
taught the "turn back" maneuver for many years. Essentially the same thing
you did only it took about 1000'agl and 60~70 degrees of bank. It was pretty
neat as long as it was done perfectly but it can get REAL ugly.
Unfortunately an experienced instructor and his client died a couple of
years ago, they had performed it successfully several times earlier that
day. It was immediately removed from the training curriculum, the grief and
the law suits are still ongoing.

John


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jeffpoint



Joined: 10 Jan 2006
Posts: 72
Location: MKE

PostPosted: Sat Mar 04, 2006 9:56 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

Exactly. I did some of testing on this during flight testing, and
practice it once in a while. My drill is to chop throttle, wait four
seconds with hands in lap, then take action. I think this is a
realistic figure for the brain lag. I came up with 400 feet as the
minimum altitude to even think about a 180. YMMV, but try it for
yourself, and practice.

Jeff Point
RV6
Milwaukee

Jerry Springer wrote:

Quote:
few seconds to grasp what the problem is and how to solve it. At 400 ft
you are losing
valuable time and airspeed. I can whip my RV-6 around on a dime too if I
am planning on it.




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_________________
Jeff Point
RV-6
Milwaukee WI
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khorton01(at)rogers.com
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PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 8:00 am    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

On 4 Mar 2006, at 21:01, lucky wrote:

Quote:


OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on
the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he
showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically
begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after
a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60
degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the
airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the
time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made
the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a
short runway and needed to land on the numbers.

He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane
was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.

So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan.
http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I
can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he
gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

There is a huge difference between doing a practice turn back when
you were already mentally prepared for it, and doing one when the
engine failure has caught you by surprise. If the engine fails the
adrenaline will be pumping, and it will be very easy to pull a bit
harder than you would in practice. If you do a stall/spin because
you pulled too hard, you will die. If you just put the aircraft down
straight ahead, there is good chance of survival in many places.
Granted, there are some runways where the story is different.

Low altitude turn backs are very high stakes poker. If it works, you
get the aircraft on the runway with no damage. If it doesn't work
you are dead. Putting the aircraft down straight ahead probably
will damage the aircraft, and maybe the occupants too. But you have
a very good chance of survival.

Kevin Horton RV-8 (finishing kit)
Ottawa, Canada
http://www.kilohotel.com/rv8


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aerobubba(at)earthlink.ne
Guest





PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 8:39 am    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

Hi All-

IIRC, some years back some research was done on this very topic. One of
the results was that it took an average of about 5 seconds for the 'what
the heck' factor to pass and for people to start to take positive
corrective action. Another result was the mathematical determination that
45 degrees of bank was the most efficient for degrees of heading change per
altitude lost.

In the glider world, this scenario is not only considered, it's a standard
test item on the practical tests. The key elements were to assume a rope
break on every take off, to have specific plan for each take off, and to
have predetermined altitude hacks for different procedures.

For example, the standard plan for a 180 involved always turning into the
crosswind. That way, at the completion of the turn you were more closely
aligned with the rwy CL than if you had made the turn downwind. Also, a
rope break below 100 would necessitate landing essentially straight ahead.
Quote:
From 100 to 200 ft AGL would allow for up to 90 deg of turn to miss
obstacles. 200 to 400 ft AGL would allow for a 180 and downwind landing on

the departure rwy. 400 AGL or greater would allow for an abbreviated
landing pattern to an upwind landing on the departure rwy. (Any student
failing to call out the altitude hacks on initial climb were treated to a
premature termination of the tow and a 180 back to the field...) A 180
would be flown at 45 degrees of bank and at best glide speed plus 20% to
compensate for the bank angle.

Being the, ahhh, curious lot that we were, some folks endeavored to
determine what altitude would be needed to perform the 180 turn back to the
field in a draggy, long-winged Citabria towplane. IIRC, that number was
400' AGL.

Having thought about (and practiced) this scenario in advance will surely
increase the likelihood of survival for any poor soul that encounters it.

WRT controlled airports other traffic, we need to remember that even though
controllers issue clearances and we tend to take them as orders, they are
actually there to help us and to ensure public safety. Their directives DO
NOT supercede our emergency authority and responsibilities as PIC. If you
have an emergency, you have the right of way. Period. The fact that you
haven't had the opportunity to key the mike and share the news with the
outside world DOES NOT mean you can't do whatever you need to in order to
meet the requirements of the emergency. If a 180 back to the take off
runway, a parallel taxiway, the infield, or whatever is better than
crashing in a parking lot or neighborhood, so be it. You have a
responsibility to yourself, your pax, AND to the hapless folks walking down
the sidewalk....

Glen Matejcek
aerobubba(at)earthlink.net


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lifeofreiley2003(at)yahoo
Guest





PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 9:07 am    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

Never ever turn back on takeoff in a short wing RV. Pick your spot and put it down in the safest place you can find. A 180 turn in itself will cost you a lot with an engine out. I would focus on the forward approach.

Darrell

Kevin Horton <khorton01(at)rogers.com> wrote:


On 4 Mar 2006, at 21:01, lucky wrote:

Quote:


OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on
the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he
showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically
begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after
a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60
degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the
airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the
time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made
the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a
short runway and needed to land on the numbers.

He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane
was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.

So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan.
http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I
can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he
gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

There is a huge difference between doing a practice turn back when
you were already mentally prepared for it, and doing one when the
engine failure has caught you by surprise. If the engine fails the
adrenaline will be pumping, and it will be very easy to pull a bit
harder than you would in practice. If you do a stall/spin because
you pulled too hard, you will die. If you just put the aircraft down
straight ahead, there is good chance of survival in many places.
Granted, there are some runways where the story is different.

Low altitude turn backs are very high stakes poker. If it works, you
get the aircraft on the runway with no damage. If it doesn't work
you are dead. Putting the aircraft down straight ahead probably
will damage the aircraft, and maybe the occupants too. But you have
a very good chance of survival.

Kevin Horton RV-8 (finishing kit)
Ottawa, Canada
http://www.kilohotel.com/rv8



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tedd(at)vansairforce.org
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PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 9:30 am    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

Quote:
Low altitude turn backs are very high stakes poker.

Yes, and let's not forget traffic. A pilot I knew turned back to the depature
runway after an engine failure only to discover that there was a nine-plane
Snowbirds formation on the take-off roll. It did work out okay for everyone,
in the end, once the jets had scattered to the grass on both sides of the
runway.

Tedd McHenry
Surrey, BC, Canada


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luckymacy(at)comcast.net
Guest





PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 11:25 am    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

The point wasn't to read more emails from folks who have never done this practice in an RV and just rehashed their previous soapboxes. It was to update the list with a real tried RV datapoint. It doesn't mean it will work for each pilot/plane combo every time but it does demonstrate that it CAN be done and BETTER yet it actually showed a bank amount and min airspeed amount and altitude loss amount. Real RV data beats soapbox.

Practice it up way up high, be honest with yourself and if there is a good place to land ahead then you probably should consider it first. If not, and the flight envelop meets what you practiced for yourself, it IS an option, period.

Lucky

-------------- Original message --------------
From: Kevin Horton <khorton01(at)rogers.com>

Quote:


On 4 Mar 2006, at 21:01, lucky wrote:

>
>
> OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on
> the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
> OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he
> showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically
> begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after
> a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60
> degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the
> airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the
> time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made
> the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a
> short runway and needed to land on the numbers.
>
> He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane
> was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.
>
> So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan.
> http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
> He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I
> can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he
> gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

There is a huge difference between doing a practice turn back when
you were already mentally prepared for it, and doing one when the
engine failure has caught you by surprise. If the engine fails the
adrenaline will be pumping, and it will be very easy to pull a bit
harder than you would in practice. If you do a stall/spin because
you pulled too hard, you will die. If you just put the aircraft down
straight ahead, there is good chance of survival in many places.
Granted, there are some runways where the story is different.

Low altitude turn backs are very high stakes poker. If it works, you
get the aircraft on the runway with no damage. If it doesn't work
you are dead. Putting the aircraft down straight ahead probably
will damage the aircraft, and maybe the occupants too. But you have
a very good chance of survival.

Kevin Horton RV-8 (finishing kit)
Ottawa, Canada
http://www.kilohotel.com/rv8















The point wasn't to read more emails from folks who have never done this practice in an RV and just rehashed their previous soapboxes. It was to update the list with a real tried RV datapoint. It doesn't mean it will work for each pilot/plane combo every timebut it does demonstrate that it CAN be done and BETTER yet it actually showed a bank amount and min airspeed amount and altitude loss amount. Real RV data beats soapbox.

Practice it up way up high, be honest with yourself and if there is a good place to land ahead then you probably should consider it first. If not, and the flight envelop meets what you practiced for yourself, it IS an option, period.

Lucky

-------------- Original message --------------
From: Kevin Horton khorton01(at)rogers.com

-- RV-List message posted by: Kevin Horton <KHORTON01(at)ROGERS.COM>

On 4 Mar 2006, at 21:01, lucky wrote:

-- RV-List message posted by: luckymacy(at)comcast.net (lucky)

OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on
the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he
showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically
begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after
a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60
degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the

airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the
time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made
the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a
short runway and needed to land on the numbers.

He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane
was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.

So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan.
http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I
can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he
gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

There is a huge difference between doing a practice turn back when
you were already mentally prepared for it, and
doing one when the
engine failure has caught you by surprise. If the engine fails the
adrenaline will be pumping, and it will be very easy to pull a bit
harder than you would in practice. If you do a stall/spin because
you pulled too hard, you will die. If you just put the aircraft down
straight ahead, there is good chance of survival in many places.
Granted, there are some runways where the story is different.

Low altitude turn backs are very high stakes poker. If it works, you
get the aircraft on the runway with no damage. If it doesn't work
you are dead. Putting the aircraft down straight ahead probably
will damage the aircraft, and maybe the occupants too. But you have
a very good chance of survival.

Kevin Horton RV-8 (finishing kit)
Ottawa, Canada
http://www.kilohotel.com/rv8


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rhdudley(at)att.net
Guest





PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 12:27 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

Hi Lucky,

In my earlier training (many years ago), I too learned the "don't turn
back" mantra.

I did my transition training with the same instructor you mention. One
of the demonstrations he put me through was the same as you describe. It
also convinced me that turnback was feasible in an RV-6/A. The altitude
was well under 500 feet on takeoff. Actually, barely past the upwind
end of the 4000 ft runway. He pulled the throttle. My reaction was to
make a turn to the crossing runway which looked possible to me at the
time. But, he insisted "turn back turn back" repeatedly until I made a
180+ turn. I had ample remaining altitude to play with flaps and slips
to easily make the reciprocal of the takeoff runway.
I, too would not recommend that anyone try it without first determining,
at altitude, how much altitude is lost in that turnaround and convincing
themselves that it was feasible.
I, too would highly recommend that flight instructor for anyone who
wants transition training in a -6 or -6A. My first flight in my -6A a
couple of weeks later was almost a non-event and felt right all the way.

Regards,

Richard Dudley

lucky wrote:

Quote:


The point wasn't to read more emails from folks who have never done this practice in an RV and just rehashed their previous soapboxes. It was to update the list with a real tried RV datapoint. It doesn't mean it will work for each pilot/plane combo every time but it does demonstrate that it CAN be done and BETTER yet it actually showed a bank amount and min airspeed amount and altitude loss amount. Real RV data beats soapbox.

Practice it up way up high, be honest with yourself and if there is a good place to land ahead then you probably should consider it first. If not, and the flight envelop meets what you practiced for yourself, it IS an option, period.

Lucky

-------------- Original message --------------
From: Kevin Horton <khorton01(at)rogers.com>



>
>
>On 4 Mar 2006, at 21:01, lucky wrote:
>
>
>
>>
>>
>>OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on
>>the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
>>OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he
>>showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically
>>begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after
>>a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60
>>degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the
>>airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the
>>time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made
>>the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a
>>short runway and needed to land on the numbers.
>>
>>He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane
>>was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.
>>
>>So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan.
>>http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
>>He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I
>>can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he
>>gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.
>>
>>
>There is a huge difference between doing a practice turn back when
>you were already mentally prepared for it, and doing one when the
>engine failure has caught you by surprise. If the engine fails the
>adrenaline will be pumping, and it will be very easy to pull a bit
>harder than you would in practice. If you do a stall/spin because
>you pulled too hard, you will die. If you just put the aircraft down
>straight ahead, there is good chance of survival in many places.
>Granted, there are some runways where the story is different.
>
>Low altitude turn backs are very high stakes poker. If it works, you
>get the aircraft on the runway with no damage. If it doesn't work
>you are dead. Putting the aircraft down straight ahead probably
>will damage the aircraft, and maybe the occupants too. But you have
>a very good chance of survival.
>
>Kevin Horton RV-8 (finishing kit)
>Ottawa, Canada
>http://www.kilohotel.com/rv8
>
>
>
>

The point wasn't to read more emails from folks who have never done this practice in an RV and just rehashed their previous soapboxes. It was to update the list with a real tried RV datapoint. It doesn't mean it will work for each pilot/plane combo every timebut it does demonstrate that it CAN be done and BETTER yet it actually showed a bank amount and min airspeed amount and altitude loss amount. Real RV data beats soapbox.

Practice it up way up high, be honest with yourself and if there is a good place to land ahead then you probably should consider it first. If not, and the flight envelop meets what you practiced for yourself, it IS an option, period.

Lucky

-------------- Original message --------------
From: Kevin Horton khorton01(at)rogers.com

-- RV-List message posted by: Kevin Horton <KHORTON01(at)ROGERS.COM>

On 4 Mar 2006, at 21:01, lucky wrote:

-- RV-List message posted by: luckymacy(at)comcast.net (lucky)

OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on
the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he
showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically
begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after
a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60
degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the

airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the
time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made
the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a
short runway and needed to land on the numbers.

He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane
was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.

So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan.
http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I
can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he
gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

There is a huge difference between doing a practice turn back when
you were already mentally prepared for it, and
doing one when the
engine failure has caught you by surprise. If the engine fails the
adrenaline will be pumping, and it will be very easy to pull a bit
harder than you would in practice. If you do a stall/spin because
you pulled too hard, you will die. If you just put the aircraft down
straight ahead, there is good chance of survival in many places.
Granted, there are some runways where the story is different.

Low altitude turn backs are very high stakes poker. If it works, you
get the aircraft on the runway with no damage. If it doesn't work
you are dead. Putting the aircraft down straight ahead probably
will damage the aircraft, and maybe the occupants too. But you have
a very good chance of survival.

Kevin Horton RV-8 (finishing kit)
Ottawa, Canada
http://www.kilohotel.com/rv8
























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PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 1:22 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

I had a saying when I taught CFI candidate's:

-Don't simulate an emergency with a REAL emergency.

-OR-

-Don't make a practice emergency into a real one!

I agree with the following comments:

Quote:
posted by: Jerry Springer <jsflyrv(at)comcast.net>
Sounds great on paper and is great that you can do it while expecting
it to happen. The down side to that theory is that at many controlled
airports you cannot just start turning xwind 400 ft because of conflict
with other controlled traffic.

Quote:
"posted by: "John Furey" <john(at)fureychrysler.com>
Please be very careful. As an instructor for a specific make of
aircraft we taught the "turn back" maneuver for many years. "


If you are going to practice have some altitude safety margin,
say 1000/1500 agl to the practice. 400 agl is LOW for return to
airport, and everything has to be right. Remember the instructor
knows its coming and knows he has power; this help in both
reaction time and psychologically (less stress). The swimming
in glue syndrome occurs for the first few seconds after the engine
quits for almost every pilot caught by surprise.

Now for the practical:

Real world reaction time?
What about winds?
Density altitude?
Gross weight?
Obstacles?
Terrain?

What about the runway length?

If you takeoff climb quickly on a short runway, return to same, landing
opposite, may put you past the end of the runway? If the runway is
long enough, head winds, straight ahead may better? MY POINT?

ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL
EVERY DAY, AIRPORT, CONDITION IS DIFFERNT.

Having a operating rules of thumb or committed memory item for an
emergency is important. EVERY TAKE OFF brief yourself out
loud or to yourself; IN CASE OF AN ENGINE FAILURE BELOW X
I will do THIS, above X, I'll attempt to return to this runway (or a
parallel or crossing runway). Every flight airline pilots discuss the
engine failure scenario in detail before EVERY takeoff. It varies every
time, but there is no question of what to do. Your mind set prepares
you to expect something, since it crossed your mind just before T/O.


If you look at FAR part 61.87 it stated what pre-solo requirements
are for a STUDENT pilot. Among the requirement's are:

-Approaches to a landing area with simulated engine malfunctions

-Simulated emergency procedures, including simulated power-off
landings and simulated power failure during departures.

Don't make a practice emergency into a real one!

I suggest routine practice POWER OFF approaches abeam
the numbers. This will help your power off glide skill and is not
as spectacular or with as much risk. Remember if you have a
Carb. beware of Carb ice and take proper precautions if the
conditions are conducive. Clear the engine to make sure power
is available for a go-around if needed; keep the engine warm.


Power off appraches is good practice. Chance is an engine failure
is not going to happen right at 400 or 1000 agl on takeoff. Chances
are after engine failure you are going to make a power off approach
for outside the pattern to an off field location. Granted the 400agl
senerio is critcal and has value to consider, don't get to foucused on
one thing, be ready for it anytime.


Cheers George CFI (inst/me) ATP


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PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 2:30 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

Data points are good but let's make sure that they are data points that
are applicable in a real (not simulated) situation..

There can be a significant difference in the gliding/descent performance
of a light aircraft with the power set at idle but still generating
power and the same aircraft with a genuine "no power being produced"
engine failure but prop windmilling due fuel exhaustion or whatever. (As
a further complication, there have also been lots of debates in the past
about prop stopped vs. prop windmilling gliding performance.)

Years ago I used to instruct primary flying students on Beech
Musketeers. The usual practice engine failure involved adding 2/3 of the
available flap to add drag to provide gliding performance more
representative of the actual emergency situation. This was based on a
bunch of actual flight tests flown with a dead engine to touchdown. I
use 1/2 flap in my RV-6A when practicing engine failures to attempt the
same sort of thing, but I have not done the serious flight testing to
satisfy myself that this is a valid simulation.

Any one have some data points about real (not simulated) 180 deg turn
to touchdown gliding performance?

Jim Oke
RV-6A
Wpg., MB

lucky wrote:

Quote:


The point wasn't to read more emails from folks who have never done this practice in an RV and just rehashed their previous soapboxes. It was to update the list with a real tried RV datapoint. It doesn't mean it will work for each pilot/plane combo every time but it does demonstrate that it CAN be done and BETTER yet it actually showed a bank amount and min airspeed amount and altitude loss amount. Real RV data beats soapbox.

Practice it up way up high, be honest with yourself and if there is a good place to land ahead then you probably should consider it first. If not, and the flight envelop meets what you practiced for yourself, it IS an option, period.

Lucky

-------------- Original message --------------
From: Kevin Horton <khorton01(at)rogers.com>



>
>
>On 4 Mar 2006, at 21:01, lucky wrote:
>
>
>
>>
>>
>>OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on
>>the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
>>OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he
>>showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically
>>begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after
>>a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60
>>degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the
>>airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the
>>time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made
>>the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a
>>short runway and needed to land on the numbers.
>>
>>He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane
>>was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.
>>
>>So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan.
>>http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
>>He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I
>>can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he
>>gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.
>>
>>
>There is a huge difference between doing a practice turn back when
>you were already mentally prepared for it, and doing one when the
>engine failure has caught you by surprise. If the engine fails the
>adrenaline will be pumping, and it will be very easy to pull a bit
>harder than you would in practice. If you do a stall/spin because
>you pulled too hard, you will die. If you just put the aircraft down
>straight ahead, there is good chance of survival in many places.
>Granted, there are some runways where the story is different.
>
>Low altitude turn backs are very high stakes poker. If it works, you
>get the aircraft on the runway with no damage. If it doesn't work
>you are dead. Putting the aircraft down straight ahead probably
>will damage the aircraft, and maybe the occupants too. But you have
>a very good chance of survival.
>
>Kevin Horton RV-8 (finishing kit)
>Ottawa, Canada
>http://www.kilohotel.com/rv8
>
>
>
>

The point wasn't to read more emails from folks who have never done this practice in an RV and just rehashed their previous soapboxes. It was to update the list with a real tried RV datapoint. It doesn't mean it will work for each pilot/plane combo every timebut it does demonstrate that it CAN be done and BETTER yet it actually showed a bank amount and min airspeed amount and altitude loss amount. Real RV data beats soapbox.

Practice it up way up high, be honest with yourself and if there is a good place to land ahead then you probably should consider it first. If not, and the flight envelop meets what you practiced for yourself, it IS an option, period.

Lucky

-------------- Original message --------------
From: Kevin Horton khorton01(at)rogers.com

-- RV-List message posted by: Kevin Horton <KHORTON01(at)ROGERS.COM>

On 4 Mar 2006, at 21:01, lucky wrote:

-- RV-List message posted by: luckymacy(at)comcast.net (lucky)

OK. Remember a couple of weeks or so ago the discussion we had on
the 'net about the min altitude/airspeed to return to the runway?
OK. Today during my RV transition training with Jan Bussell, he
showed my why his turn from runway heading to crosswind typically
begins when he's 400' AGL. During a typical 120 mph climbout after
a touch and go, at 400' he cut the throttle, banked exactly 60
degrees and turned back to the runway carefully ensuring the

airspeed never got below 80 mph. It turned on a dime and by the
time we leveled out we'd lost maybe 100' at most. We easily made
the runway with lots of options for flaps and slips if we had a
short runway and needed to land on the numbers.

He agreed adding this type of testing at altitude for each plane
was a great idea and really like the Barry Schieff video demo of this.

So anyway, here's a real world datapoint. I highly recommend Jan.
http://www.safeair1.com/RVTT/JB_Aframe.htm
He's got a great, relaxed way of explaining RV techniques and I
can't imagine a first flight without the type of instruction he
gives. Pretty thorough EAA transition training syllabus he uses.

There is a huge difference between doing a practice turn back when
you were already mentally prepared for it, and
doing one when the
engine failure has caught you by surprise. If the engine fails the
adrenaline will be pumping, and it will be very easy to pull a bit
harder than you would in practice. If you do a stall/spin because
you pulled too hard, you will die. If you just put the aircraft down
straight ahead, there is good chance of survival in many places.
Granted, there are some runways where the story is different.

Low altitude turn backs are very high stakes poker. If it works, you
get the aircraft on the runway with no damage. If it doesn't work
you are dead. Putting the aircraft down straight ahead probably
will damage the aircraft, and maybe the occupants too. But you have
a very good chance of survival.

Kevin Horton RV-8 (finishing kit)
Ottawa, Canada
http://www.kilohotel.com/rv8

























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jsflyrv



Joined: 03 Jan 2006
Posts: 22

PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 5:11 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

lucky wrote:

Quote:


The point wasn't to read more emails from folks who have never done this practice in an RV and just rehashed their previous soapboxes. It was to update the list with a real tried RV datapoint. It doesn't mean it will work for each pilot/plane combo every time but it does demonstrate that it CAN be done and BETTER yet it actually showed a bank amount and min airspeed amount and altitude loss amount. Real RV data beats soapbox.

Lucky I was not rehashing previous soapbox stuff, I to am a flight

instructor and have a few hours in an RV. The point being made here is you
were doing a controlled test. In real life I would not turn back from
400 ft. What if your engine quit at 350 ft would you make it? When the
engine
quits and you get over the Oh s**t factor and then decide if you are
high enough or not you probably will not have time or altitude to make the
turn safely. In real life turn backs have killed many pilots that could
have made a safe off field landing. My theory has always been once the
engine quits
I will do whatever it takes to save my butt and my passengers if I have
one aboard. The airplane at the moment of engine failure becomes a pile
of junk for all I care
as long as we survive. To many people try to save the aircraft. An
example is a Mooney pilot had an engine problem few weeks ago close to
Van's home airport
he had miles of open fields to land on but tried to make Sunset airport
and ended up in a orchard dead instead of just picking a suitable off
field landing spot.

do not archive

Jerry


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PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 6:39 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

It's a rehash. We all know it's risky and we all know in most cases you'd be better off landing in that near mythically perfect field that's almost always mythically conveniently located right off the end of almost all airports in the world.

Nobody ever takes off having to fly out over open water http://www.airnav.com/airport/KMCD

and nobody ever has to take off right over the dense city http://www.airnav.com/airport/KVNY

yep, there's just no reason to ever want to kill yourself turning back when you can sometimes just as easily kill yourself going straight ahead....

No kidding it's risky but it IS and option. Pre plan your engine out scenario before every take off. When I do my run up I have my left kneepadturned to my engine out checklist and reference it before each days first takeoff and mentally prepare for it. Short of the airplane coming apart in the air or fire in the air, it's on my short list of things that really suck in an airplane. I check the areas around the airport when I'm going into for the first time to make a mental note for when I have to take off. With my defensive mindset before each take off, I won't be the deer in the headlights pilot. I don't crank up the ipod as I roll out on the active and get lost in the moment. I too have seen a few fatal airplane accidents and some that somehow the people survived and I don't forget them...

I think if you don't even half a plan by know the possibilities of your airplane, you are not being as "professional" about flying as you should be. But that's just my opinion.

Regardless, Jan pulled power back at 400' AGL, rolled in 60 degrees of bank, kept one eye on the airspeed while making a firm pull, rolled with 300 feet to spare and over 80 mph of airspeed, and gladed at his best glide speed of 97 mph back to the airport no problem.

Lucky
-------------- Original message --------------
From: Jerry Springer <jsflyrv(at)comcast.net>

Quote:


lucky wrote:

>
>
>The point wasn't to read more emails from folks who have never done this
practice in an RV and just rehashed their previous soapboxes. It was to update
the list with a real tried RV datapoint. It doesn't mean it will work for each
pilot/plane combo every time but it does demonstrate that it CAN be done and
BETTER yet it actually showed a bank amount and min airspeed amount and altitude
loss amount. Real RV data beats soapbox.
>
Lucky I was not rehashing previous soapbox stuff, I to am a flight
instructor and have a few hours in an RV. The point being made here is you
were doing a controlled test. In real life I would not turn back from
400 ft. What if your engine quit at 350 ft would you make it? When the
engine
quits and you get over the Oh s**t factor and then decide if you are
high enough or not you probably will not have time or altitude to make the
turn safely. In real life turn backs have killed many pilots that could
have made a safe off field landing. My theory has always been once the
engine quits
I will do whatever it takes to save my butt and my passengers if I have
one aboard. The airplane at the moment of engine failure becomes a pile
of junk for all I care
as long as we survive. To many people try to save the aircraft. An
example is a Mooney pilot had an engine problem few weeks ago close to
Van's home airport
he had miles of open fields to land on but tried to make Sunset airport
and ended up in a orchard dead instead of just picking a suitable off
field landing spot.

do not archive

Jerry













It's a rehash. We all know it's risky and we all know in most cases you'd be better off landing in that near mythically perfect field that's almost always mythically conveniently located right off the end of almost all airports in the world.

Nobody ever takes off having to fly out over open water http://www.airnav.com/airport/KMCD

and nobody ever has to take off right over the dense city http://www.airnav.com/airport/KVNY

yep, there's just no reason to ever want to kill yourself turning back when you can sometimesjust as easily kill yourselfgoing straight ahead....

No kidding it's risky but it IS and option. Pre plan your engine out scenario before every take off. When I do my run up I have my left kneepadturned to my engine out checklist and reference it before each days first takeoff and mentally prepare for it. Short of the airplane coming apart in the air or fire in the air, it's on my short list of things that really suck in an airplane. I check the areas around the airport when I'm going into for the first time to make a mental note for whenI have to take off. With my defensive mindset before each take off, I won't be the deer in the headlights pilot. I don't crank up the ipod as I roll out on the active and get lost in the moment. I too have seen a few fatal airplane accidents and some that somehow the people survived and I don't forget them...

I think if you don't even half a plan by know the possibilities of your airplane, you are not being as "professional" about flying as you should be. But that's just my opinion.

Regardless, Jan pulled power back at 400' AGL, rolled in 60 degrees of bank, kept one eye on the airspeed while making a firm pull, rolled with 300 feet to spare and over 80 mph of airspeed, and gladed at his best glide speed of 97 mph back to the airport no problem.

Lucky
-------------- Original message --------------
From: Jerry Springer jsflyrv(at)comcast.net

-- RV-List message posted by: Jerry Springer <JSFLYRV(at)COMCAST.NET>

lucky wrote:

-- RV-List message posted by: luckymacy(at)comcast.net (lucky)

The point wasn't to read more emails from folks who have never done this
practice in an RV and just rehashed their previous soapboxes. It was to update
the list with a real tried RV datapoint. It doesn't mean it will work for each
pilot/plane combo every time but it does demonstrate that it CAN be done and
BETTER yet it actually showed a bank amount and min airspeed amount and altitude
loss amount. Real RV data beats soapbox.

Lucky I was not rehashing previous soapbox stuff, I to am a flight
i
nstructor and have a few hours in an RV. The point being made here is you
were doing a controlled test. In real life I would not turn back from
400 ft. What if your engine quit at 350 ft would you make it? When the
engine
quits and you get over the Oh s**t factor and then decide if you are
high enough or not you probably will not have time or altitude to make the
turn safely. In real life turn backs have killed many pilots that could
have made a safe off field landing. My theory has always been once the
engine quits
I will do whatever it takes to save my butt and my passengers if I have
one aboard. The airplane at the moment of engine failure becomes a pile
of junk for all I care
as long as we survive. To many people try to save the aircraft. An
example is a Mooney pilot had an engine problem few weeks ago close to
Van's home airport
he had m
iles of open fields to land on but tried to make Sunset airport
and ended up in a orchard dead instead of just picking a suitable off
field landing spot.

do not archive

Jerry



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PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 7:07 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

On 03/06 2:38, lucky wrote:

> Nobody ever takes off having to fly out over open water http://www.airnav.com/airport/KMCD

This was always scary in a C150 Smile And the long XC was frightening.

http://204.108.4.16/d-tpp/0602/00754AD.PDF

--
Walter Tondu
http://www.rv7-a.com
Flying!


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PostPosted: Sun Mar 05, 2006 7:43 pm    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

With all this talk going on, I looked at my altimeter today while departing the airport and realized, wait, the safe number is XXX AGL! Now in a emergency situation will you be able to remember the airport altitude and subtract it from your altimeter?



Walter Tondu <walter(at)tondu.com> wrote:


On 03/06 2:38, lucky wrote:

Quote:
Nobody ever takes off having to fly out over open water http://www.airnav.com/airport/KMCD

This was always scary in a C150 Smile And the long XC was frightening.

http://204.108.4.16/d-tpp/0602/00754AD.PDF

--
Walter Tondu
http://www.rv7-a.com
Flying!

Scott Bilinski
RV-8a
cell 858-395-5094

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rv8ch



Joined: 10 Jan 2006
Posts: 250
Location: Switzerland

PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 12:12 am    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

Quote:
Regardless, Jan pulled power back at 400' AGL, rolled in 60 degrees
of bank, kept one eye on the airspeed while making a firm pull,
rolled with 300 feet to spare and over 80 mph of airspeed, and gladed
at his best glide speed of 97 mph back to the airport no problem.

Just curious - does this aircraft have an AOA indicator?

--
Mickey Coggins
http://www.rv8.ch/
#82007 finishing
do not archive


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PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 2:52 am    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

no

-------------- Original message --------------
From: Mickey Coggins <mick-matronics(at)rv8.ch>

Quote:


> Regardless, Jan pulled power back at 400' AGL, rolled in 60 degrees
> of bank, kept one eye on the airspeed while making a firm pull,
> rolled with 300 feet to spare and over 80 mph of airspeed, and gladed
> at his best glide speed of 97 mph back to the airport no problem.

Just curious - does this aircraft have an AOA indicator?

--
Mickey Coggins
http://www.rv8.ch/
#82007 finishing


do not archive













no

-------------- Original message --------------
From: Mickey Coggins mick-matronics(at)rv8.ch

-- RV-List message posted by: Mickey Coggins <MICK-MATRONICS(at)RV8.CH>

Regardless, Jan pulled power back at 400' AGL, rolled in 60 degrees
of bank, kept one eye on the airspeed while making a firm pull,
rolled with 300 feet to spare and over 80 mph of airspeed, and gladed
at his best glide speed of 97 mph back to the airport no problem.

Just curious - does this aircraft have an AOA indicator?

--
Mickey Coggins
http://www.rv8.ch/
#82007 finishing


do not archive



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PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 3:25 am    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

I hope your kidding. I was instructed to fly defensively and scout around the airport for possible off field landing areas and NON landing areas. I suggest you know the airport runway elevation before you even get into the cockpit, know what the density altitude is roughly (and it's affects on performance). You should also know what the airports particular rules might be for TOs and Landings and know what their recommended pattern altitudes are, etc. If you want to put turning back and live to tell about it your repertoire then up the level of pre-flight awareness and always review the Rough engine or Engine Out Right After Takeoff in your checklist and calculate before TO what that minimum return to airport airspeed and altitude is going to be before taking the active. Write it down if it helps to remember better. Know where the empty field or wide road is before taking off. Know where the high obstical is before taking off. Whatever. Go up to 3000 or 4000 AGL and
practice it. The plane can do it easy. You just have to know the plane. Yes, we fly RVs for fun but you still have to think a step or two ahead of yourself. Still have to be ready for when bad things happen.

Perhaps some who may not practice anymore but just go out and fly "nominally" everyday go spend an hour or two with Jan and have him demo all the different possible stall combos, take off and landing types and return to field types with him. He's pretty thorough and competent and he has both a RV6 and a 6A.

For all you pilots that love running your tanks dry, you can do a combo test WAY up high over an airport area to eliminate the idle prop speed. Rick Caldwell told me Saturday that in his 6 he did a test were he ran a tank dry and verified that at the windmilling speed he was at he was able to change the pitch of his Harzell prop enough to be somewhat effective. I wouldn't have thought so but now mentally I know it *might* work if I still have oil pressure so it's something else in an emergency that with time I might get some neurons holding that info to fire off and get me to try it to help sink rates.

Lucky
-------------- Original message --------------
From: scott bilinski <rv8a2001(at)yahoo.com>

Quote:


With all this talk going on, I looked at my altimeter today while departing the
airport and realized, wait, the safe number is XXX AGL! Now in a emergency
situation will you be able to remember the airport altitude and subtract it from
your altimeter?



Walter Tondu wrote:


On 03/06 2:38, lucky wrote:

> Nobody ever takes off having to fly out over open water
http://www.airnav.com/airport/KMCD

This was always scary in a C150 Smile And the long XC was frightening.

http://204.108.4.16/d-tpp/0602/00754AD.PDF

--
Walter Tondu
http://www.rv7-a.com
Flying!















Scott Bilinski
RV-8a
cell 858-395-5094

---------------------------------
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I hope your kidding. I was instructed to fly defensively and scout around the airport for possible off field landing areas and NON landing areas. I suggest you know the airport runway elevation before you even get into the cockpit, know what the density altitude is roughly (and it's affects on performance). You should also know what the airports particular rules might be for TOs and Landings and know what their recommended pattern altitudes are, etc.If you want to put turning back and live to tell about it your repertoire then up the level of pre-flight awareness andalwaysreview the Rough engine or Engine Out Right AfterTakeoff in your checklist and calculatebefore TO what that minimum return to airport airspeed and altitude is going to be before taking the active. Write it down if it helps to remember better. Know where the empty field or wide road is before taking off. Know where the hi
gh obstical is before taking off. Whatever. Go up to 3000 or 4000 AGL and practice it.The plane can do it easy. You just have to know the plane. Yes, we fly RVs for fun but you still have to think a step or two ahead of yourself. Still have to be ready for when bad things happen.

Perhaps some who may not practice anymore but just go out and fly "nominally" everyday go spend an hour or two with Jan and have him demo all the different possible stall combos, take off and landing types and return to field types with him. He's pretty thorough and competent and he has both a RV6 and a 6A.

For all youpilots that love running your tanks dry, you can do a combo test WAY up high over an airport area to eliminate the idle prop speed. Rick Caldwell told me Saturday that in his 6 he did a test were he ran a tank dry and verified that at the windmilling speed he was at he was able to change the pitch of his Harzell prop enough to be somewhat effective. I wouldn't have thought so but now mentally I know it *might* work if I still have oil pressureso it's something else in an emergency that with time I might get some neurons holding that info to fire off and get me to try it to help sink rates.

Lucky
-------------- Original message --------------
From: scott bilinski rv8a2001(at)yahoo.com

-- RV-List message posted by: scott bilinski <RV8A2001(at)YAHOO.COM>

With all this talk going on, I looked at my altimeter today while departing the
airport and realized, wait, the safe number is XXX AGL! Now in a emergency
situation will you be able to remember the airport altitude and subtract it from
your altimeter?



Walter Tondu <WALTER(at)TONDU.COM>wrote:
-- RV-List message posted by: Walter Tondu

On 03/06 2:38, lucky wrote:

Nobody ever takes off having to fly out over open water
http://www.airnav.com/airport/KMCD

This was always scary in a C150 Smile And the long XC was frightening.

http://204.108.4.16/d
-tpp/0602/00754AD.PDF

--
Walter Tondu
http://www.rv7-a.com
Flying!















Scott Bilinski
RV-8a
cell 858-395-5094

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PostPosted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 5:36 am    Post subject: Minimum altitude to return to airport Reply with quote

Hi Scott-

Quote:
With all this talk going on, I looked at my altimeter today while
departing the

Quote:
airport and realized, wait, the safe number is XXX AGL! Now in a emergency
situation

Quote:
will you be able to remember the airport altitude and subtract it from
your altimeter?

I for one couldn't reliably do that. That's why we do the math prior to
crossing the hold short line, whether calculating turn back altitudes for
single / no engine aircraft, or calculating the acceleration altitude in a
multi engine jet. It's all part of having a plan for every take off,
including having identified available options prior to needing them.

Something that can help a person's mind set and preparedness is to assume
that: every take off roll will end in an abort; every lift off will
result in an engine failure; and every approach will result in a go
around. In the unlikely event one of these does occur, you will be
prepared. If it doesn't, you will be pleasantly surprised.

Remember, good luck is where preparation meets opportunity!

Glen Matejcek
aerobubba(at)earthlink.net


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