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Ailerons
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yak52



Joined: 25 Oct 2007
Posts: 50

PostPosted: Tue Mar 17, 2009 4:40 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

It has been stated:
Just because cable tension is not an acceptable
      means of preventing  flutter in certified aircraft, does not mean that
      it does not work. 
 It should be noted that many certificated aircraft, including those flying in Great Britain, have ailerons wihout external mass balanced ailerons. These include Piper Cubs, Aeroncas and, I believe, Grumman Cheetahs and Tigers.
It also should be noted that in no crash/incident reported to date did the aileron cables fail, only that owners failed to maintain the cable tension.
[quote][b]


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William Dominguez



Joined: 09 Apr 2008
Posts: 118

PostPosted: Tue Mar 17, 2009 5:44 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

The way I understand it is that cable tension does work in preventing flutter, but relying in cable tension alone is not acceptable by the FAA because of the possibility of cable loosening up. This could be very critical if cables loosen up during the course of one flight, as already happened to a 601XL.

As I say, this is the way I understand it. Meaning, I could be wrong and and would like to be clarified.

William Dominguez
Zodiac 601XL Plans
Miami Florida
http://www.geocities.com/bill_dom

--- On Tue, 3/17/09, roger lambert <n601ap(at)gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:

From: roger lambert <n601ap(at)gmail.com>
Subject: Ailerons
To: "zenith-list(at)matronics.com" <zenith-list(at)matronics.com>
Date: Tuesday, March 17, 2009, 8:38 AM

It has been stated:
Just because cable tension is not an acceptable
means of preventing flutter in certified aircraft, does not mean that
it does not work.
It should be noted that many certificated aircraft, including those flying in Great Britain, have ailerons wihout external mass balanced ailerons. These include Piper Cubs, Aeroncas and, I believe, Grumman Cheetahs and Tigers.
It also should be noted that in no crash/incident reported to date did the aileron cables fail, only that owners failed to maintain the cable tension.
Quote:
http://www.matronics.co========================http://forums. -
-->

[quote][b]


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William Dominguez
Zodiac 601XL Plans
Miami Florida
http://www.geocities.com/bill_dom
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Jeyoung65(at)aol.com
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PostPosted: Tue Mar 17, 2009 7:33 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

My understanding of control surface flutter is it can be caused by control surfaces than can move without input forces. If they move upward due to ruff air they will then be forced downward due to the air load on them. They are then forced up ect until an input force is applied to stop the cycle. So be sure to check your cable tension and looseness of all connection. Jerry of Ga

In a message dated 3/17/2009 8:47:21 A.M. Eastern Standard Time, bill_dom(at)yahoo.com writes:
Quote:
The way I understand it is that cable tension does work in preventing flutter, but relying in cable tension alone is not acceptable by the FAA because of the possibility of cable loosening up. This could be very critical if cables loosen up during the course of one flight, as already happened to a 601XL.

As I say, this is the way I understand it. Meaning, I could be wrong and and would like to be clarified.

William Dominguez
Zodiac 601XL Plans
Miami Florida
http://www.geocities.com/bill_dom

--- On Tue, 3/17/09, roger lambert <n601ap(at)gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:

From: roger lambert <n601ap(at)gmail.com>
Subject: Zenith-List: Ailerons
To: "zenith-list(at)matronics.com" <zenith-list(at)matronics.com>
Date: Tuesday, March 17, 2009, 8:38 AM

It has been stated:
Just because cable tension is not an acceptable
means of preventing  flutter in certified aircraft, does not mean that
it does not work.
It should be noted that many certificated aircraft, including those flying in Great Britain, have ailerons wihout external mass balanced ailerons. These include Piper Cubs, Aeroncas and, I believe, Grumman Cheetahs and Tigers.
It also should be noted that in no crash/incident reported to date did the aileron cables fail, only that owners failed to maintain the cable tension.[/b]

[/b]
Quote:

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[quote][b]


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hills(at)sunflower.com
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PostPosted: Tue Mar 17, 2009 8:12 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Well I have to wonder, why not just use Push rods instead of cables for the Ailerons? Then you never have to worry about cable slack.
I have them on my HDS 601 and they work perfectly.

Roger




From: owner-zenith-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-zenith-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Jeyoung65(at)aol.com
Sent: Tuesday, March 17, 2009 10:31 AM
To: zenith-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: Re: Ailerons


My understanding of control surface flutter is it can be caused by control surfaces than can move without input forces. If they move upward due to ruff air they will then be forced downward due to the air load on them. They are then forced up ect until an input force is applied to stop the cycle. So be sure to check your cable tension and looseness of all connection. Jerry of Ga



In a message dated 3/17/2009 8:47:21 A.M. Eastern Standard Time, bill_dom(at)yahoo.com writes:
Quote:

The way I understand it is that cable tension does work in preventing flutter, but relying in cable tension alone is not acceptable by the FAA because of the possibility of cable loosening up. This could be very critical if cables loosen up during the course of one flight, as already happened to a 601XL.

As I say, this is the way I understand it. Meaning, I could be wrong and and would like to be clarified.

William Dominguez
Zodiac 601XL Plans
Miami Florida
http://www.geocities.com/bill_dom

--- On Tue, 3/17/09, roger lambert <n601ap(at)gmail.com> wrote:

From: roger lambert <n601ap(at)gmail.com>
Subject: Ailerons
To: "zenith-list(at)matronics.com" <zenith-list(at)matronics.com>
Date: Tuesday, March 17, 2009, 8:38 AM
It has been stated:

Just because cable tension is not an acceptable
means of preventing flutter in certified aircraft, does not mean that
it does not work.
It should be noted that many certificated aircraft, including those flying in Great Britain, have ailerons wihout external mass balanced ailerons. These include Piper Cubs, Aeroncas and, I believe, Grumman Cheetahs and Tigers.

It also should be noted that in no crash/incident reported to date did the aileron cables fail, only that owners failed to maintain the cable tension.[/url]


Quote:




Feeling the pinch at the grocery store? [url=http://food.aol.com/frugal-feasts?ncid=emlcntusfood00000001]Make dinner for $10 or less.
Quote:
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pchap(at)primus.ca
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PostPosted: Tue Mar 17, 2009 10:12 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

At 08:38 17-03-09, Roger wrote:

Quote:
It should be noted that many certificated aircraft, including
those flying in Great Britain, have ailerons wihout external mass
balanced ailerons. These include Piper Cubs, Aeroncas and, I
believe, Grumman Cheetahs and Tigers.
It also should be noted that in no crash/incident reported to date
did the aileron cables fail, only that owners failed to maintain the
cable tension.


Additional info:
- The Aeronca Champ: Vne of 129 or 135 mph (I've seen both??) --
significantly lower than 601's.
- The Grumman Tiger AA-5 does have an internal mass balance from the
ailerons in the wingtip, as does even the early AA-1 (according to an
illustrated parts manual online).

Nevertheless, it is still a little unclear at what speeds aircraft
(certificated or not) do not have mass balanced ailerons.
Peter Chapman
Toronto, ON


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PostPosted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 3:37 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Problem is that in the XL the span for a push rod is quite large and you have travel in a vertical as well as a horizontal range. With such a run, to make a system that can handle the load that the cables are capable of you would need to have a complicated bearing arrangement to support the push rod in both movements. I imagine that the system can be done safely with a complete change in which the way the controls presently work, but just adding a rod with a few fittings would not be able to handle the design loads that the cables can handle for a safe conversion.

Mark Townsend Alma, Ontario
Zodiac CH650 C-GOXL, CH701 Rotax 912,
STOL CH750 Just started
www.ch601.org / www.ch701.com/ www.Osprey2.com

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japhillipsga(at)aol.com
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PostPosted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 7:50 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Roger, I like Mark. He's a great guy and he cooks good hamburgers, but my opinion on this subject is just different than his. Whether the cables are "stronger" than push rods is not the issue. They may or may not be, but it does not matter because either system far exceeds the utility stress the XL air frame, wings and HS will endure. The wings and HS will have already failed and ripped clear and hit the ground long before either the push rod or cables fail. The reason for rods over cable is aileron flutter and harmonic dynamic resonance dampening. If the issue is mere strength why not install 1/4 inch cables or 1/2 inch cables as opposed to 1/8th? They certainly are "stronger" than the ones ZAC has on their plans. What may be of concern is that pointing at the product and saying "there may be a better way" stimulates anxiety even more that having "mysterious" crashes where the wings fail for no particular observed reason. My XL and I s urvived unexpected and unwelcome aileron flutter with cables. It maybe just me a another fellow who ever survived to tell about it. I built, own and fly a Zenith 601 XL that I am very proud of and believe it (with modifications) to be the safest XL flying. Anybody interested is welcome to come, see and compair. Best regards, Bill of Georgia

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Jeyoung65(at)aol.com
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PostPosted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 8:53 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Bill, Just a question for me, did you install push-pull rods for the rudder
or elevator? I believe the big flutter problems is related to loose control.
This can be worn bolts, worn bearings or loose bolts as well as low cable
tension. As Mr. Townsend said a long rod can be subject to bending- not a big
problem and easy to correct with thicker walls or larger OD tubes. Jerry of GA


In a message dated 3/18/2009 10:55:00 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
japhillipsga(at)aol.com writes:

Roger, I like Mark. He's a great guy and he cooks good hamburgers, but my
opinion on this subject is just different than his. Whether the cables are
"stronger" than push rods is not the issue. They may or may not be, but it does
not matter because either system far exceeds the utility stress the XL air
frame, wings and HS will endure. The wings and HS will have already failed and
ripped clear and hit the ground long before either the push rod or cables
fail. The reason for rods over cable is aileron flutter and harmonic dynamic
resonance dampening. If the issue is mere strength why not install 1/4 inch
cables or 1/2 inch cables as opposed to 1/8th? They certainly are "stronger" than
the ones ZAC has on their plans. What may be of concern is that pointing at
the product and saying "there may be a better way" stimulates anxiety even
more that having "mysterious" crashes where the wings fail for no particular
observed reason. My XL and I s urvived unexpected and unwelcome aileron flutter
with cables. It maybe just me a another fellow who ever survived to tell
about it. I built, own and fly a Zenith 601 XL that I am very proud of and
believe it (with modifications) to be the safest XL flying. Anybody interested is
welcome to come, see and compair. Best regards, Bill of Georgia


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paulrod36(at)msn.com
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PostPosted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 2:45 pm    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

<?xml:namespace prefix="v" /><?xml:namespace prefix="o" /><![endif]--> About a week ago I dropped in at my friendly Airparts, and looked through their stock, thinking in terms of pushpull tubes for my ailerons. I pulled out some tubes ranging from 1-1/4 down to 3/4, and then looked at SQUARE tubing as well. Pullin almost 12 feet of tube out of the racks, none of them were particularly easy to bend by hand, and, at the roughly 7 feet from bellcrank to fuselage skin, not of them had any appreciable sag. I suppose there might be some harmonics in a piece that long, but I very seriously doubt you'd get a tube to bend under aileron pressure until very near mach one - in which case you then have a very different concern. So, the plan is-- one length of pushpull rod from bellcrank to fuselage skin, a 6 to 8 inch inner splice held by a couple of AN=3 bolts, and an approx 21 inch tube from control stick to the other end of the inner splice. And, if I can lay hands on the appropriate size aluminum bar, and well-centered drilled and tapped holes in the bar, threadad ball rod ends to allow for adjustment, with locknuts to keep them that way. (And, square tubing even looks cool.)

Paul Rodriguez
[quote] ---


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jaybannist(at)cs.com
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PostPosted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 3:32 pm    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Paul,

Please don't get carried away with armchair engineering. Remember, control cables only have to resist tension forces. A control rod or tube must resist compression also. The capacity of tubing in compression is based on the loads being axial, with NO eccentricity. ANY eccentricity introduces bending which can lead to buckling failure. The capacity is dependent on the strength of the material, the area of the section, the length, the radius of gyration (r) and the slenderness ratio (length over r) Also you must take into account the loss of sectional area when you drill for fasteners. That can weaken it as a stiff structural member. If you aren't capable of doing these calculations, by all means - get qualified help. This is just to critical to "eyeball".

Jay Bannister





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JAPhillipsGA(at)aol.com
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PostPosted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 4:29 pm    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Jerry of Georgia, where are you? I'm Bill of Georgia. Call me and I'll be
happy and glad to show you my XL, what I have done in detail and let you fly
it, if you know how to fly. Call 478-731-9678 during the day. Best regards,
Bill of Georgia


In a message dated 3/18/2009 12:54:35 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
Jeyoung65(at)aol.com writes:

Bill, Just a question for me, did you install push-pull rods for the rudder
or elevator? I believe the big flutter problems is related to loose control.
This can be worn bolts, worn bearings or loose bolts as well as low cable
tension. As Mr. Townsend said a long rod can be subject to bending- not a big
problem and easy to correct with thicker walls or larger OD tubes. Jerry of GA


In a message dated 3/18/2009 10:55:00 A.M. Eastern Standard Time,
japhillipsga(at)aol.com writes:

Roger, I like Mark. He's a great guy and he cooks good hamburgers, but my
opinion on this subject is just different than his. Whether the cables are
"stronger" than push rods is not the issue. They may or may not be, but it does
not matter because either system far exceeds the utility stress the XL air
frame, wings and HS will endure. The wings and HS will have already failed and
ripped clear and hit the ground long before either the push rod or cables
fail. The reason for rods over cable is aileron flutter and harmonic dynamic
resonance dampening. If the issue is mere strength why not install 1/4 inch
cables or 1/2 inch cables as opposed to 1/8th? They certainly are "stronger" than
the ones ZAC has on their plans. What may be of concern is that pointing at
the product and saying "there may be a better way" stimulates anxiety even
more that having "mysterious" crashes where the wings fail for no particular
observed reason. My XL and I s urvived unexpected and unwelcome aileron flutter
with cables. It maybe just me a another fellow who ever survived to tell
about it. I built, own and fly a Zenith 601 XL that I am very proud of and
believe it (with modifications) to be the safest XL flying. Anybody interested is
welcome to come, see and compair. Best regards, Bill of Georgia


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JAPhillipsGA(at)aol.com
Guest





PostPosted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 4:37 pm    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Paul, what your describing has been done and the photo sequence of how is somewhere out there on the web. Mark Townsend put it on 601.org some time back, but then he removed it for what ever reason. I'm tired of beating this horse so maybe somebody else can help you with Phase I & II of the XL Push Rod saga. Best of luck, Bill

In a message dated 3/18/2009 6:47:50 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, paulrod36(at)msn.com writes:
[quote] About a week ago I dropped in at my friendly Airparts, and looked through their stock, thinking in terms of pushpull tubes for my ailerons. I pulled out some tubes ranging from 1-1/4 down to 3/4, and then looked at SQUARE tubing as well. Pullin almost 12 feet of tube out of the racks, none of them were particularly easy to bend by hand, and, at the roughly 7 feet from bellcrank to fuselage skin, not of them had any appreciable sag. I suppose there might be some harmonics in a piece that long, but I very seriously doubt you'd get a tube to bend under aileron pressure until very near mach one - in which case you then have a very different concern. So, the plan is-- one length of pushpull rod from bellcrank to fuselage skin, a 6 to 8 inch inner splice held by a couple of AN=3 bolts, and an approx 21 inch tube from control stick to the other end of the inner splice. And, if I can lay hands on the appropriate size aluminum bar, and well-centered drilled and tapped holes in the bar, threadad ball rod ends to allow for adjustment, with locknuts to keep them that way. (And, square tubing even looks cool.)

Paul Rodriguez
[quote] ---


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hills(at)sunflower.com
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PostPosted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 8:18 pm    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Paul;

Airparts? Do you mean “the” Airparts store in Kansas City?
I’m in Lawrence.

Roger




From: owner-zenith-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-zenith-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of paulrod36(at)msn.com
Sent: Wednesday, March 18, 2009 5:42 PM
To: zenith-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: Re: Ailerons


About a week ago I dropped in at my friendly Airparts, and looked through their stock, thinking in terms of pushpull tubes for my ailerons. I pulled out some tubes ranging from 1-1/4 down to 3/4, and then looked at SQUARE tubing as well. Pullin almost 12 feet of tube out of the racks, none of them were particularly easy to bend by hand, and, at the roughly 7 feet from bellcrank to fuselage skin, not of them had any appreciable sag. I suppose there might be some harmonics in a piece that long, but I very seriously doubt you'd get a tube to bend under aileron pressure until very near mach one - in which case you then have a very different concern. So, the plan is-- one length of pushpull rod from bellcrank to fuselage skin, a 6 to 8 inch inner splice held by a couple of AN=3 bolts, and an approx 21 inch tube from control stick to the other end of the inner splice. And, if I can lay hands on the appropriate size aluminum bar, and well-centered drilled and tapped holes in the bar, threadad ball rod ends to allow for adjustment, with locknuts to keep them that way. (And, square tubing even looks cool.)



Paul Rodriguez
[quote]
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hills(at)sunflower.com
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PostPosted: Wed Mar 18, 2009 8:22 pm    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Mark;

Ok, forget the Aileron push rods… What about balancing the Ailerons? My Sonerai had a simple way to balance the ailerons. The Ailerons run the full length of the
wings right out to the tips. At the aileron tips, the tip itself extends forward of the aileron and tucks into the fiber glass wing tip itself, this forward tip is where the counterbrace mass is located. Simple and works. Could it be used on the 601XL?

Roger


From: owner-zenith-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-zenith-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of ZodieRocket
Sent: Wednesday, March 18, 2009 6:36 AM
To: zenith-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: RE: Ailerons


Problem is that in the XL the span for a push rod is quite large and you have travel in a vertical as well as a horizontal range. With such a run, to make a system that can handle the load that the cables are capable of you would need to have a complicated bearing arrangement to support the push rod in both movements. I imagine that the system can be done safely with a complete change in which the way the controls presently work, but just adding a rod with a few fittings would not be able to handle the design loads that the cables can handle for a safe conversion.

Mark Townsend Alma, Ontario
Zodiac CH650 C-GOXL, CH701 Rotax 912,
STOL CH750 Just started
www.ch601.org / www.ch701.com/ www.Osprey2.com

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K Dilks



Joined: 22 Sep 2008
Posts: 108
Location: UK

PostPosted: Thu Mar 19, 2009 3:49 am    Post subject: Re: Ailerons Reply with quote

OK this is how I see this.
The real issue weather an aileron needs balancing is the design speed and the design of the aileron its self.
Low speed plane ( below 100mph) can getaway without either dynamic ( balance weights) nor aerodynamic balance. These designs have a hinge at the very front of the aileron(XL style)
Next up the speed ladder is no dynamic balancing but with the hinge point offset so as to act with some aerodynamic balance( plus a small mass balance due to the mass foward of the hinge line.
After this is the full mass balance ( but not necessary 100% of aileron mass ) with carefully positioned hinge points to give more aerodynamic balance.IE look at a fully aerobatic aileron, some having spades to give more aerodynamic balance.
Last is hydraulic assistance etc etc

One thing that strikes me is that even if the cable tension is correct they then presume that the blob in the cock pit is holding the stick tight.
Tight control cables do not cure a potential flutter issue, they just delay its onset at best. The issue is what actually causes the flutter in the first place and this is corrected by the correct engineering of mass balance, aerodynamic balance and the aileron hinge point. Obviously profile shape will enter the equation but this is the basics.
I am not saying that for sure the XL needs balanced controles but as they would eliminate a potential serious problem and possible make for nice controle harmony why not fit them? In the UK there attitude I feel is correct if they have found a resonable chance of flutter occuring then somthning should be done.
Normally aircraft are over engineered in aspects like this to give a reasonable saftey factor but this seems marginal at best on the XL.

Sorry for my monolog but had to air my thoughts

Kev Brit living Austria ....FAA A+P


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PostPosted: Thu Mar 19, 2009 4:51 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Has anybody done any work on the size of the mass balancer? From previous building I'm aware that it does not have to be fully balanced to get enough benefit to prevent flutter. There has to be a graph of "percent of aileron weight" to "flutter inhibiting ability" somewhere.
Dave Austin 601HDS - 912
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d.goddard(at)ns.sympatico
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PostPosted: Thu Mar 19, 2009 11:26 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

While I fully endorse the notion of pilots of "experimental" aircraft trying
to design/discuss/improve their aircraft, most of these discussed solutions
appear to assume that somebody actually knows that 1) there actually is a
problem, and 2) the ailerons are the source of said problem. I'm not any
more sure of that than I am of the assertion by the faithful that "There
absolutely cannot be any problem because the design hath been decreed from
on high by CH". Now if the discussion were to centered more on the idea
that: "Balanced ailerons have been shown to be a good idea in general. Lets
find a good way to apply that idea and improve our aircraft." it would look
better. Because at the end of the day nobody here has any data that this is
THE solution to the question of why do bad things appear to be happening.

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paulrod36(at)msn.com
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PostPosted: Thu Mar 19, 2009 3:55 pm    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

<?xml:namespace prefix="v" /><?xml:namespace prefix="o" /><![endif]--> About a week ago I dropped in at my friendly Airparts, and looked through their stock, thinking in terms of pushpull tubes for my ailerons. I pulled out some tubes ranging from 1-1/4 down to 3/4, and then looked at SQUARE tubing as well. Pullin almost 12 feet of tube out of the racks, none of them were particularly easy to bend by hand, and, at the roughly 7 feet from bellcrank to fuselage skin, not of them had any appreciable sag. I suppose there might be some harmonics in a piece that long, but I very seriously doubt you'd get a tube to bend under aileron pressure until very near mach one - in which case you then have a very different concern. So, the plan is-- one length of pushpull rod from bellcrank to fuselage skin, a 6 to 8 inch inner splice held by a couple of AN=3 bolts, and an approx 21 inch tube from control stick to the other end of the inner splice. And, if I can lay hands on the appropriate size aluminum bar, and well-centered drilled and tapped holes in the bar, threadad ball rod ends to allow for adjustment, with locknuts to keep them that way. (And, square tubing even looks cool.)

Paul Rodriguez
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arno7452(at)bellsouth.net
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PostPosted: Fri Mar 20, 2009 3:01 am    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

Hey Paul,
Sounds like a plan! Remember, bigger is better.

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paulrod36(at)msn.com
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PostPosted: Fri Mar 20, 2009 1:49 pm    Post subject: Ailerons Reply with quote

<?xml:namespace prefix="v" /><?xml:namespace prefix="o" /><![endif]--> Yeah, this is getting old. How about one more foray into wildness? We develop small two -way hydraulic cylinders, masters at the controls, slave cylinders at the control surfaces, use 1/4" inch plastic tubing to push red fluid back and forth, and step up beyond mere mechanicals altogether. Plasma-drive engines come later.

Paul R
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