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Interference Becker 4201 radio
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pa3arw(at)euronet.nl
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PostPosted: Fri Jul 03, 2009 5:03 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Mark,

I finally made the time available to do the tests/modifications we have
talked about with respect to the interference on a Becker VHF radio in my
Yak52.

I installed the Lonestar P-lead filters on both mags. Found that both
screens of the p-leads are in perfect condition but installed the filters ,
just to make sure.
The screening can now be called perfect. I have made a special copper "plug"
to fill up for the thinner wires on the filters. The screens of the filter
wires have been soldered to those "plugs" and locked in the mags.
Everything has been fixed thoroughly and inspected for grounding.
All OK so far. Started the engine and found no difference on the VHF, i.e.
the interference is still there. That means: the squelch is opened by the
interference. Switching off the squelch it appears that there is no constant
noise level but more of a kind of rattling noise which opens the squelch.
Checked antenna...found no problem or loose wires. Swr is within the airband
1 : 1.5 max.

So in my humble opinion there is only 1 thing left: the interference is
going into the vhf via the power supply or the power is that "dirty" that it
is picked up by the vhf antenna.....

I know that the Becker gets its power via a dc-dc converter of some sort,
after all the Yak has 24v standard power. Is the 12 volts present on any
standard Yak or is there a built in down converter somewhere??
What is the "voltage adjustment" screw meant for in the front cockpit??

Did some tests with the GPS also. When the GPS is connected to the power
plug and switched on, the noise level on the VHF opens the squelch which
makes it unuseable in flight.
Switched off gps: noise is reduced but squelch is still opened 6 out of 10
sec. Disconnected power supply lead from GPS but kept it connected to the
plane, same result as GPS being switched off, i.e. the VHF is picking up
interference via its antenna but the noise is generated one way or the other
on the power bus??

I have come to a point of saturation in my mind about the cause of this.
Taking a scope into the cockpit is probably the only way to find out whether
there is any noise on the power bus.
Probably another way is to power the VHF via the cigarette ligher connector
with another dc-dc converter. Thus bypassing the present circuitry but still
using the power on board.

Any suggestions, thoughts are welcomed!

Hans
RA3326K
Mob: +31 653 286022


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viperdoc(at)mindspring.co
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PostPosted: Fri Jul 03, 2009 5:49 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Hans,
I also added a filter in line with the power supply from my converter to the
Becker radio. It to came from Lone Star Avionics.
http://www.lonestaraviation.com/product_details.asp?Product_Name=The
Eliminator. With the mag filters and the DC filter in line, the noise has
been pretty much eliminated.
The other place to check in your Tack generator shielding.
Doc

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PostPosted: Fri Jul 03, 2009 6:24 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Doc,

Yeah...I do have the in line filter as well as the capacitor for the
generator but did not install it yet. Have not found a place to install it
safely. I need to do that. I assume you installed it close to the busbar in
the area of the switches on the left side of the plane and then with a
shielded wire to the VHF??

What I don't understand though is why the Becker radio is so sensitive for
noise on the dc supply??

Hans

-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
Van: owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com
[mailto:owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com] Namens Roger Kemp M.D.
Verzonden: vrijdag 3 juli 2009 15:45
Aan: yak-list(at)matronics.com
Onderwerp: RE: Interference Becker 4201 radio


--> <viperdoc(at)mindspring.com>

Hans,
I also added a filter in line with the power supply from my converter to the
Becker radio. It to came from Lone Star Avionics.
http://www.lonestaraviation.com/product_details.asp?Product_Name=The
Eliminator. With the mag filters and the DC filter in line, the noise has
been pretty much eliminated.
The other place to check in your Tack generator shielding.
Doc

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ChangDriver



Joined: 15 Sep 2007
Posts: 266

PostPosted: Sun Jul 05, 2009 4:07 pm    Post subject: Re: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

I too have a Becker in my CJ that is stone quite on the ground (at idle) and unusable in flight due to noise. The Garmin SL-30 in the plane functions perfectly. My Becker is fed by a King KR-22 24 to 12 VDC converter and I have converted from the stock generator to the B&C alternator.

I have yet to make some tests to determine where the noise is coming from (power or antenna). I will get to that in a week or so (other problems to solve first), hence, I am very interested in this discussion.

I wonder if the Becker was originally designed for gliders so there is no filtration on the power as it would be operating off a battery. This could be one reason why this radio seems to be line noise sensitive. I am also going to try and call Becker USA to inquire.

Craig W.


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jan.mevis(at)informavia.b
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PostPosted: Mon Jul 06, 2009 12:44 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

I have a Becker 4201 radio in my Yak 50 (with B&C alternator). The radio
works perfectly well, but I've also changed the audio wiring completely.
I've used RG400 antenna cable and have a Comant antenna instead of the
original Russian antenna (and a Dave Clark headset).

IMHO, but I'm not an electronics expert, if you use western radio's, then
better change it ALL to avoid impedance problems etc.

Before I had the American ignition wiring harness (Dennis' set) on my M14P
and I had more noise on my Russian BRIZ radio. That's why I installed the
Becker, and all the noise problems were solved. Since a year I have a new
engine, and did not change the wiring harness yet. So that is still the
original Russian. And the Becker 4201 still works very fine. So I'm inclined
to think that in my case the problem was cable-related.

Jan
YK50 RA2005K

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mark.bitterlich(at)navy.m
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PostPosted: Mon Jul 06, 2009 10:34 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Lot's to talk about after reading your message.

1. Disconnect the antenna from the radio and see if the noise goes
away. This test will tell us one heck of a lot. Remove antenna at the
radio and turn squelch off and listen.

2. The voltage adjusting screw adjusts the bias voltage going to the
voltage regulator which controls the generator output voltage. In other
words, it adjusts 28 vdc out of the generator. It is a SMALL range of
adjustment. BIG adjustments are made at the carbon pile regulator
itself.

This statement is very perplexing:

" When the GPS is connected to the power plug and switched on, the noise
level on the VHF opens the squelch which makes it unuseable in flight.

Switched off gps: noise is reduced but squelch is still opened 6 out of
10 sec.

Disconnected power supply lead from GPS but kept it connected to the
plane, same result as GPS being switched off, i.e. the VHF is picking up
interference via its antenna but the noise is generated one way or the
other on the power bus??"

First, just to be absolutely sure, remove the antenna coax at the radio
and run your GPS noise tests again.

Next, make sure you test Dennis Savarese's idea about where the 12 volts
is coming from. Is it coming from a DC to DC converter, or has some one
tapped one of two 12 volt batteries in series?

Moving on:

So you are saying... And please confirm this.... That when you hook the
GPS wiring to the aircraft, with the GPS completely removed and not
connected and NOT turned on or running by battery power, that merely
ADDING THE GPS WIRING ITSELF increases the noise to your radio? And
there is NOTHING in that GPS cable at all other than some WIRE? No
active elements like a little module or something like that? Just some
WIRE? Disconnecting the antenna makes this goes away, get less, stay
the same? Squelch off.

Where is your GPS power cable tapped into the aircraft wiring? Is it
tapped to the same wiring the radio is using? By that I mean, you have
12 volts going to the radio by some method or another... Have you tapped
that same 12 volts to power the GPS, or is it coming from a 28 volt wire
connected somewhere else in the aircraft?

If you are 100% absolutely certain about that all this, as in.. It is
connected to the 12 volt source, it has no modules in it at all, it is
just a piece of wire.... If that is absolutely without a doubt what is
happening... Then there is simply no question that an external noise
source is COUPLING into the GPS wiring and then being fed into the
Becker via the power supply input wiring. Period. No other
possibility. (again, the antenna checks withstanding)

Based on that premise, I would then get a little 12 volt sealed battery.
Use it to power the radio. Remove the aircraft as the power source.
Gell cell or something. It can be very very small since we are not
going to transmit, and receive current draw is less than 100 mills or
so. That's a guess, but it has to be pretty darn low. The noise to the
radio should either go away, or change dramatically.

Thinking out loud, it then appears to be the case that the Becker has
some design issues regarding rejection of external noise on the power
source wiring. We then have a few ways to approach this.

1. Replace the radio. Yeah, I know that idea is less than good, but you
have to at least mention it.
2. Reduce the noise sources that are getting into the wiring. That is
not going to be very easy. You've already done pretty close to all that
can be done.

3. Best solution. Use a TON of filtering on the input wiring to the
radio. This filtering method has to be as close to the radio as
possible for obvious reasons. This is probably going to have to be a
multi-layered approach, because we really do not have any hard ideas on
what the noise source frequency range is. Of course, you have to know
right up front that EVERY SINGLE WIRE that goes to the Becker is going
to have to be shielded. I mean every single one. ANY wire that allows
noise to ride up and into the radio has to be considered.

Most importantly, the power wiring needs to be shielded.

You will need to make some kind of mount close to the radio and start
adding whatever filters you want to try. I would try several approaches
just for the heck of it... First would be a big cap, very close to the
radio, attached to 12 volts and ground. 22,000 mmf or so, at 50 volts.
You can start smaller and just see if it helps. Even 5000 mmf should
tell you if it helps at all. Torroidal chokes.... Commercial
through-line filters. Etc.

This is a tough problem. I'm still thinking.

On the other hand, if all this just stops dead when you disconnect the
antenna, the direction of attack changes dramatically.

Mark Bitterlich

P.s. I don't think I'll buy a Becker.

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ChangDriver



Joined: 15 Sep 2007
Posts: 266

PostPosted: Mon Jul 06, 2009 11:55 am    Post subject: Re: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

I contacted Becker USA today at lunch and spoke with a tech for about 30 minutes on my noise issue. Two things he mentioned to me. First, the radio is TSOed so it was required to meet FAA specs. many of the other small radios are not TSOed so the Becker seems to be the better choice from an environmental standpoint. Second, the radio was indeed designed for gliders first. Then modified for the FAA TSO requirements.

The tech is perplexed because my Garmin SL-30 has not one bit of noise and the power for the Becker is coming from a King KA-39 downconverter and this is the only thing on the converter. The antenna for the SL30 and the Becker were swapped and the noise persisted. His thought is that the RF section of the Becker is too sensitive and that it is picking up engine noise on the antenna. He said the Becker is set up so that you can hear ATC from about 100 miles away (hence very sensitive). He has asked me to remove the radio and send it back to them for RF interference testing.

Craig


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PostPosted: Tue Jul 07, 2009 9:54 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Craig,

I ran into this noise problem first with a Becker installed in a SU-26.
Then an SU-31. Since then, at least two others. There seems to be a
pattern developing here.

Anyway, we are now moving into an area that I am qualified to talk
about.

I do not agree with what the Becker "Tech" told you. Of course, to be
honest, does anyone really expect a representative from any company that
makes a product to come right out and say: "Yeah, well we really screwed
up the design on that radio, don't buy it". Umm.. Not likely. In all
other respects it seems to be a great radio... It just seems to be very
susceptible to noise from on-board sources that normally do not effect
other radios in the same frequency range.

TSO means Technical Standard Order, and while there are more than one,
the typical one used for radios of this type is: TSO-C169a. You can also
look at TSO-C37/38 series. The 37/38 series is older and I am pretty
certain that is what it meets. Let me check... Yep.. That is what it
meets.

In order to meet these Technical Standard Orders, certain "things" of
the radio must be checked. No need for me to list every one of them
here as it would get very boring very quickly.

That said... Guess what? Resistance to noise coming in from the power
wiring is not checked at all and is not part of the TSO in any way.
"FAA Specs" do not in any way call for testing to determine any immunity
to noise coming in on the power wires. Also, they do not test for noise
immunity in any way really.... Even coming in from the antenna. They do
check for selectivity, sensitivity, power output, and a whole bunch of
other stuff, but not what we are talking about here. Not really.

Saying that the RF receive section of the radio is "too sensitive" is
horse manure. These radios are designed to have the very best
sensitivity possible. There is no such thing as "too much" per se. The
receivers on these radios ARE tested IAW the TSO and they are checked
for being on freq. and from adjacent channel interference as well as
sensitivity. Please note, in aircraft receiver testing, there is no
such thing as "too much sensitivity". Radios on the bench are ALWAYS
tuned for best sensitivity. Becker's spec on this radio is: 1.5 uV for
6 d (S+N)/N This is pretty darn good. Not freaking amazing mind you,
but pretty good. Real old radios were about 2.5 uV, and anything under
2.0 uV is pretty much normal for modern radios. Under the TSO, these
radios are normally only tested to be audible with 24 uv at 30%
modulation.

Make no mistake though.... DE-TUNING a radio to make it LESS sensitive
will indeed help you to get rid of noise of this type. So will turning
it off. DE-TUNING is in fact turning the receiver OFF... Just a little
bit at a time.

If you want to check out what the tech said yourself, it is pretty darn
easy. All you need is a good signal generator with a step attenuator
built in. Simply connect the sig-gen to the antenna connector and turn
the squelch on the radio off. Put both on the same freq. Set for AM
modulation with a 1 Khz tone modulated at 80%. Turn the sig-gen output
down until you can just barely hear the tone in your headset. Record
the reading. Now do the same thing again with your other radio...
Record THAT reading. Compare which receiver is more sensitive and by
how much. If you connect right at the radio, the readings will probably
be within 1 or 2 dB of each other. Any radio repair shop can do this
for you .. And it should not cost very much. It will only take about 10
minutes. If you have even a WHIFF of suspicion that the KA-39 might be
causing noise, just replace it with a little lantern battery for a few
minutes. The radio in receive mode only draw around 70-100 mills, or
say about 1/10th of an amp. Not much. See if your noise goes away. It
would be a very interesting test to hear about really.

Bottom line, I could honestly talk for hours about how noise like this
can get into a radio. The first test is ALWAYS to remove the antenna
completely and see if the noise goes away completely. If it does, then
it obviously is noise that is getting into the radio via the antenna or
coax. The approach to fixing the problem ALWAYS starts with knowing the
answer to that question first.

If it is indeed noise that is getting into the radio from the antenna,
then it does not always have to be noise that is RECEIVED in the normal
fashion. It can be noise that is getting by the front end first
bandpass filter by cross coupling between stages for example. This
comes down to DESIGN. Not something being "too good for your airplane",
like "too much sensitivity". If the SL30 had just SOME noise... Even
just a little... And the Becker had MORE noise.... I would not be so
sure about this. But, you have stated that the SL30 is dead quiet.
This goes along with what I have seen too.

But again.... if the SL30 has NONE... I mean NONE AT ALL (and the SL30
is a darn good radio) and the Becker is overwhelmed with noise, AND it
is for sure coming in the antenna, AND you have swapped antennas.... It
comes down to the Beckers design and is next to impossible to cure,
unless you try very hard to eliminate the noise at it's source. That
then becomes a matter of tracing the noise down to the source, and then
taking steps that hopefully will keep it from radiating. This can be a
royal pain in the tail. But it can be done. If your noise is coming in
from the antenna, that is pretty much what you are left with.

Nothing wrong with sending the radio back though.

Note: At 13,000 feet, I can talk to ATC 100 miles away with the stock
Russian radios. I talk to New Bern tower from Norfolk all the time.
The most important things to get range out of ANY radio is short coax,
good coax, good antenna, and lots of altitude.

Mark Bitterlich




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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 5:53 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Han's,
This is a problem that I have with my 50. There are three connections on the
filter. One goes to ground, one to the DC power supply and the other to the
power supply in line to the Becker Radio. I simply inserted the filter into
the power supply line from the DC converter to the radio. I have my Buss Bar
wired so the com switch takes 24 volt current to the DC converter first with
obviously the outline from the converter carrying 12 volt current to the
Becker.
Agree, do not know why the Becker is so sensitive to RF noise. I even
changed out the radio for another Becker I had on the shelf. They both did
the same thing. The filters have helped immensely.
Doc

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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 6:14 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Doc,

I'm going to try to install the in line filter during the coming weekend. I
wanna have this solved. In the meantime, thanks to Dennis, I found that the
Becker 12v is connected directly to the series connection wire of the 12v
batteries, i.e. there is no DC-DC converter used and this means that the
"dirty" power from the generator will go unfiltered in to the Becker.
I did some measurements here at my company and found the Becker to be a poor
performer from an RF point of view, but there is nothing I can do about that
then buy myself another one from a different brand that is....
However, before I get to that point I'll try a real dc-dc converter in
combination with the Lonestar in-line filter.

I'll keep you guys posted on the progress.

Hans Oortman, MBA, Ph.D.
CEO
STN BV

-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
Van: owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com
[mailto:owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com] Namens Roger Kemp M.D.
Verzonden: woensdag 8 juli 2009 15:46
Aan: yak-list(at)matronics.com
Onderwerp: RE: Interference Becker 4201 radio



Han's,
This is a problem that I have with my 50. There are three connections on the
filter. One goes to ground, one to the DC power supply and the other to the
power supply in line to the Becker Radio. I simply inserted the filter into
the power supply line from the DC converter to the radio. I have my Buss Bar
wired so the com switch takes 24 volt current to the DC converter first with
obviously the outline from the converter carrying 12 volt current to the
Becker.
Agree, do not know why the Becker is so sensitive to RF noise. I even
changed out the radio for another Becker I had on the shelf. They both did
the same thing. The filters have helped immensely.
Doc

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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 9:56 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Hans,
Thanks and good luck.
Doc

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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 11:20 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

It seems there are two different things going on here. I get the idea
from Craig that he is saying it is coming in from the antenna coax.

I get the readback from you Doc, that it is clearly coming in on the DC
supply line. If it is coming in from the DC supply line, the fix is
easy and very do-able. If it is coming in from the antenna, it gets
much more complex.

Which one is it?

Antenna noise?

Power input noise?

Both?

Mark Bitterlich

P.s. Hans, CLEARLY filter the DC input. Fact is, it worked for Doc,
and that can not be refuted.


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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 11:34 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Just a note to Hans and anyone else.

What Hans found (thanks to Dennis for remembering to check for it) is a
12 volt radio connected in-between two 12 volt batteries connected in
series to provide 24 volts.

Actually Hans, doing it that way does allow the battery to act as a
fairly good filter (of sorts) to generator noise, and it still does not
explain in any way why connecting your GPS cable did what it did. That
little phenomenon is another strong bit of evidence that the Becker
noise is all coming in from the DC power line and not the antenna.

That aside, hooking any 12 volt accessory up like this is very do-able,
and will work just fine, for awhile.

What eventually happens is that you end up putting more load on one
battery than the other one as they are operated. Eventually, the one
battery won't charge quite as perfectly as it should. This can be very
hard to detect, because your cockpit meter is looking at BOTH of them
and not just the one that is powering your radio, or whatever else.
Eventually, the batteries start to charge unevenly, and the voltage on
the one supplying the 12 volts starts to fail faster than the other one.
The end result is unpredictable voltage to the "12 volt device(s)".
This can damage them. Not right away. It takes awhile.

Another thing that can happen is that as you put on a heavy 28 volt
load, the voltage in the middle of the 2 batteries goes even more off,
again giving the potential for voltages being present that you would
never use intentionally, and that you know very little about.

If you change the batteries regularly, you can get away with this
approach, but it really is a bad design choice.

As Hans has noted, the best choice is to use a DC to DC converter, that
runs off of 28 volts, and steps down to 12 volts. It also then is a
good idea to put a line filter and a good sized cap on the output line
for further filtering. Then put a switch on the INPUT to this DC to DC
converter to allow it to be turned OFF when you want it to be. Or have
it wired to a circuit breaker.. Whatever.

Mark Bitterlich


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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 11:49 am    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

I have a DC-DC- convertor on the battery, and NO filter on the 12 volts line
to the radio. The Becker 4201 on my Yak 50 works perfectly well.
Perhaps one major difference: I have a B&C alternator and thus electric
voltage regulator ? Is it possible that this generates far less noise than
the Russian generator and Russian voltage regulator ?

Jan
YK50
RA2005K

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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 12:21 pm    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Jan, it is very likely with that model that you have installed a big
filter capacitor with the system. Big Blue thing. Usually comes with
the over-voltage protection kit for the small B&C. Do you have the 10
amp PMG model, or the 35 amp with a field wire?

Don't limit it to just the generator versus alternator Jan. No one has
yet determined the exact source for all this noise that everyone is
reporting. Doc has installed filters that help, but that does not
really identify what is causing it. It may help in determining how it
is getting INTO the radio. Craig seems to indicate it is coming in the
antenna. Doc seems to indicate it is coming in via the power wiring.
No one really knows what is making the noise to begin with.

Consider yourself lucky.

Mark Bitterlich

P.s. Install the digital tach using the P lead connections and see what
happens.

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viperdoc(at)mindspring.co
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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 1:51 pm    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Mark,
Mine was power input noise. Changing the antenna coax did nothing for it.
Doc

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dsavarese0812(at)bellsout
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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 2:32 pm    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

I believe Doc's solution was a combination of the DC power line filter AND the P-lead filters. If I remember correctly, first the DC filter was installed which reduced the noise level substantially. Then the P-lead filters were installed and with the combination of both types of filters, the noise has been basically eliminated.
Dennis
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nc69666(at)aol.com
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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 9:57 pm    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Guys, I have a inexpensive and very reliable solution to you clean 12 Volts power needs. About 13 years ago when I wanted 12 Volts in my CJ I went to the local Ham Radio Store, and purchased a DC power converter, it is manufactured by Astron, it converts 24V to 12V, 20 amps output, extremely reliable and very highly filtered, I have never had any noise or interference in my 12 V electrical supply, radios are happy as can be, it gives you all the 12 V you should ever need.  The cost at that time was about $85.00..  Very simple solution..  Best of Luck.

Gary Gabbard

Las Vegas, NV

CJ, N22YK


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jan.mevis(at)informavia.b
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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 11:12 pm    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

That's correct, Mark! It's the small 10 amp model, and I have a big
electrolytic capacitor behind the rectifier/regulator.

Jan

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pa3arw(at)euronet.nl
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PostPosted: Wed Jul 08, 2009 11:13 pm    Post subject: Interference Becker 4201 radio Reply with quote

Guys,

This is what I did: I purchased a good DC-DC converter and will install that in the next few days. In addition to the converter I'll install the Lonestar Eliminator power line filter in line with the output from the converter. This combination should eliminate any noise on the dc line to the 4201.

Just out of technical curiosity I checked the Lonestar filter on a HP Network Analyzer and found that the Eliminator is basically a High Pass Filter. (See attached plot)
Any frequency below 3.5 Mhz is cut off with at least 40dB. This means that any ingition noise is cut off very well. It also means that it will "stop" the 60KHz oscillation frequency of my DC-DC converter reaching the Becker radio. Technically it should work...now I'll install it and w'll see what happens....

I'll keep you all posted!.

Hans
RA3326K

Van: owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com] Namens A. Dennis Savarese
Verzonden: donderdag 9 juli 2009 0:28
Aan: yak-list(at)matronics.com
Onderwerp: Re: Interference Becker 4201 radio

I believe Doc's solution was a combination of the DC power line filter AND the P-lead filters. If I remember correctly, first the DC filter was installed which reduced the noise level substantially. Then the P-lead filters were installed and with the combination of both types of filters, the noise has been basically eliminated.
Dennis
[quote] ---


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