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KingCJ6(at)aol.com Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 8:07 am Post subject: Formation |
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Quote: | From a fellow CAF aviator:
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An incredible story rarely told. Everyone who flies formation will put
these heroes on even a higher pedestal than before!!!!!!
Sent: Friday, January 11, 2008 10:00 PM
Subject: Fw: 8th Air Force
The planning effort and the number of A/C involved has to be beyond the
comprehension of any aviator who wasn't actually there. Coordinating 1200
(4-engined) bombers and 600-800 fighters in "radio silence" sounds impossible.
Sent: Friday, January 11, 2008 6:20 AM
Subject: Fw: 8th Air Force
"THE MIGHTY EIGHTH"
Of all the stories that have been written, and movies that have been shown,
about the 8th Air Force, very little attention has been given to what was
involved in assembling 1200 B-17's and B-24's each day, to get them in
formation to carry out a strike against Germany. Certainly showing bombers under
attack by fighters, or encountering heavy flak, was a reality, and are
interesting to watch. Also, stories about some of the rougher missions make
interesting reading. But what was going on over England, each morning, could get
just as scary to the crews as the time spent over some of the targets.
The planning, and coordination, that had to be accomplished during the night,
by the operations planners of each Group, so that the crews could be briefed,
was unbelievable. If the planners had failed to do their jobs properly,
there would have been a free for all among Bomb Groups, in the skies over
England. The rendezvous points, altitude, and times had to be precise, and
known by all of the crews, before the Eighth Air Force could get in formation.
The success of the planners, in accomplishing their mission, enabled the
Eighth Air Force to become the most powerful air armada ever assembled. In
my view, how this was accomplished is one of the major untold stories of the
war.
I was a pilot in the 95th Bomb Group, in late 1944 and early 1945, and what
follows is a typical mission, as I remember it, from a crew member's
perspective.
Early in the evening, our Squadron Operations would post the names of the
crews that were scheduled to fly the following day. There were two ways we
could be notified if the Group had been alerted to fly. One was by means of
lights on the front of the orderly room, and the other with raising of
colored flags. If a green light was on, the Group was alerted, if a red light
was on we would fly, and if a white light was on, the Group would stand
down. The light was monitored frequently throughout the evening to learn our
status and, normally, we would know before going to bed if we would be
flying the next day.
On the morning of a mission, the CQ (charge of quarters) would awaken the
crews about four or five o'clock, depending on takeoff time. The questions
we always asked were, "What is the fuel load?" and, "What is the bomb load?"
If his answer was, " full Tokyo tanks," we knew we would be going deep
into Germany. Shortly after being awakened, "6-by" trucks would start
shuttling us to the mess hall. We always had all the fresh eggs we could eat,
when flying a mission. After breakfast, the trucks carried us to the briefing
room. All of the crew members attended the main briefing, and then the
Navigators, Bombardiers and Radio operators went to a specialized briefing.
At the main briefing, in addition to the target information--anti-aircraft
guns, fighter escort and route in--we received a sheet showing our location in
the formation, the call signs for the day and all the information we
would need to assemble our Group and get into the bomber stream.
After briefing, we got into our flight gear, drew our parachutes and loaded
onto the trucks for a ride to our plane. We were now guided by the time on
our daily briefing sheet. We started engines at a given time and watched
for the airplane we would be flying in formation with to taxi past, then we
would taxi behind him. We were following strict radio silence.
We were now parked, nose to tail around the perimeter, on both sides of the
active runway, and extremely vulnerable to a fighter strafing attack. At
the designated takeoff time, a green flare would be fired and takeoff would
begin. Every thirty seconds an airplane started takeoff roll. We were
lined up on the perimeter so that the 12 airplanes of the high squadron would
take off first, followed by the lead and then the low squadron.
Each Group had a pattern for the airplanes to fly during climb to assembly
altitude. Some would fly a triangle, some a rectangle and our Group flew a
circle, using a "Buncher" (a low frequency radio station) which was located
on our station. The patterns for each Group fit together like a jig saw
puzzle. Unfortunately, strong winds aloft would destroy the integrity of the
patterns, and there would be considerable over running of each other's
patterns.
Many of our takeoffs were made before daylight, during the winter of '44
and '45, when I was there, so it was not uncommon to climb through several
thousand feet of cloud overcast. Also it was not uncommon to experience one
or two near misses while climbing through the clouds, although you would
never see the other airplane. You knew you had just had a near miss, when
suddenly the airplane would shake violently as it hit the prop wash of
another plane. It was a wonderful feeling to break out on top, so you could watch
for other planes, to keep from running into each other. To add to the
congestion we were creating, the Royal Air Force Lancasters, Halifaxes, and
Wimpys would be returning from their night missions, and flying through our
formations. Needless to say, pilots had to keep their heads on a swivel and their
eyes out of the cockpit.
After take off, the squadron lead would fire a flare every 30 seconds, so
that we could keep him located and enable us to get into formation quicker.
The color of our Group flare was red-green. The first thing you would see,
when breaking out of the clouds, was a sky filled with pyrotechnics, so you
had to search the sky for the Group flare, which would identify the lead
airplane of your Squadron. Once you had it located, you could adjust your
pattern to climb more quickly into formation with him. As each airplane pulled
into formation, they would also fire a flare, with the lead plane, making
it much easier for the following aircraft to keep him in sight. I think most
crew members would probably agree that the pyrotechnic show, in the skies
over England, in the morning when the Eighth was assembling, was a rare sight
to behold.
The order of progression for assembling the Eighth Air Force was to first
assemble the Flight elements, the Squadrons, the Groups, the Combat wings,
the Divisions and, finally, the Air Force.
As soon as the four Squadron elements were formed, the high, low and second
elements would take up their positions on the lead element, to form a
Squadron. When the three Squadrons had completed assembly, it was necessary to
get into Group formation. This was accomplished by having the three Squadrons
arrive over a pre-selected fix at a precise time and heading. The high and
low Squadrons were separated from the lead Squadron by 1000 feet and,
after getting into Group formation, they would maintain their positions by
following the lead Squadron.
Then it was necessary to get into the Combat Wing formation. We were in
the 13th Combat Wing, which consisted of three Bomb Groups: the 95th, the
100th and the 390th . Whichever Group was leading the Wing that day, would
arrive over a pre-selected point, at a precise time and heading. Thirty
seconds later, the second Group would pass that fix, followed by the third
Group, thirty seconds later. We were then in Combat Wing formation. The
navigators in the lead airplanes had a tremendous responsibility, to ensure that
the rendezvous times were strictly adhered to.
There were three Divisions in the Eighth, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd. The 1st and
3rd Divisions consisted of B-17s only, and the 2nd Division was B-24s. The
B-24s were faster than the B-17s, but the B-17s could fly higher,
therefore, the two were not compatible in formation. As a result the 1st and 3rd
Divisions would fly together and the 2nd Division would fly separately
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brian-1927(at)lloyd.com Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 8:37 am Post subject: Formation |
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On Jan 14, 2008, at 8:05 AM, KingCJ6(at)aol.com wrote:
Quote: | From a fellow CAF aviator:
An incredible story rarely told. Everyone who flies formation will
put these heroes on even a higher pedestal than before!!!!!!
|
As I recall, the Eighth Air Force also suffered the highest casualty
rate of any allied unit in WW-II. So, yes, my hat is off to them but I
sure as hell would not want to have been one of them.
In my case, this produces a bit of 'what-if' thinking. I surmise that
I might just be here because the Army Air Corps wouldn't take my
father. Seems that he couldn't produce a birth certificate so the Army
recruiter turned him away. The chief in the Navy recruiter's office
manipulated the system so that his lack of a birth certificate
wouldn't be discovered until after he was well along in training, at
which point it wouldn't matter. As a result he ended up flying SBDs,
SB2Cs, and F6Fs off of carriers in the Pacific, a much safer and more
pleasant passtime than flying B17s over Germany.
Brian Lloyd 3191 Western Drive
brianl AT lloyd DOT com Cameron Park, CA 95682
+1.916.367.2131 (voice) +1.270.912.0788 (fax)
PGP key ID: 12095C52A32A1B6C
PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0 CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C
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viperdoc(at)mindspring.co Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 11:33 am Post subject: Formation |
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Great read. Had seen the article on the 8th earlier.
Brian,
You have not seen the "Ramp Monster" eat an airplane have you. Thanks, I'll take my 8 to 10 k foot runways that neither pitch/down or try to runaway from you in the pitch ass dark!
Doc
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MarkWDavis
Joined: 03 Jan 2007 Posts: 104 Location: Syracuse, KS
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 1:11 pm Post subject: Formation |
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Doc,
You're missing out on all the fun! Besides the ramp monster doesn't
bite those who listen to the ramp guardians ( aka LSO's). : )
Mark Davis
N44YK
(former LSO)
---
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brian-1927(at)lloyd.com Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 3:20 pm Post subject: Formation |
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On Jan 14, 2008, at 11:31 AM, Roger Kemp wrote:
Quote: |
Great read. Had seen the article on the 8th earlier.
Brian,
You have not seen the "Ramp Monster" eat an airplane have you.
Thanks, I'll take my 8 to 10 k foot runways that neither pitch/down
or try to runaway from you in the pitch ass dark!
|
Well, my comment was specific to the 8th AF in WW-II vs. the flying
from a carrier in WW-II. Neither was a good way to ensure longevity.
Neither the USAF nor the USN would today accept the loss rates that
were deemed normal back then, even in wartime.
But you have made a really good point Doc. I guess you just have to be
a way superior pilot to be able to fly onto a pitch-dark moving
postage stamp in the middle of the ocean.
Brian Lloyd 3191 Western Drive
brianl AT lloyd DOT com Cameron Park, CA 95682
+1.916.367.2131 (voice) +1.270.912.0788 (fax)
PGP key ID: 12095C52A32A1B6C
PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0 CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C
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brian-1927(at)lloyd.com Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 3:27 pm Post subject: Formation |
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On Jan 14, 2008, at 1:10 PM, Mark Davis wrote:
Quote: |
Doc,
You're missing out on all the fun! Besides the ramp monster
doesn't bite those who listen to the ramp guardians ( aka LSO's). : )
|
Can you imagine night-ops to a small axial-deck carrier without a
fresnel lens (ball) with the LSO giving commands with the paddles? The
way they flew off the boat back then just amazes the s--- out of me.
Brian Lloyd 3191 Western Drive
brianl AT lloyd DOT com Cameron Park, CA 95682
+1.916.367.2131 (voice) +1.270.912.0788 (fax)
PGP key ID: 12095C52A32A1B6C
PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0 CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C
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MarkWDavis
Joined: 03 Jan 2007 Posts: 104 Location: Syracuse, KS
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 4:30 pm Post subject: Formation |
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The LSO's wore lighted suits including their legs. The closest we had
in my day was Station 3 MOVLAS where the manually operated landing aid was
on the right side of the landing area. Tended to make people drift right in
close to at the ramp. Lots of last minute "come left" calls. Never had to
fly or wave one at night. True practice bleeding. I'll always have
reverence for the Crusader and Whale guys that flew nights off of 27 Charlie
class carriers. My 113 night traps on Carl Vinson and Kitty Hawk were cake
compared to that.
As for axial deck night ops, as I understand it not everyone flew at
night. There were specific night fighter squadrons. Don't know whether it
was the better sticks or the FNG's that didn't know any better!
Mark Davis
N44K
---
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cjpilot710(at)aol.com Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 5:20 pm Post subject: Formation |
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In a message dated 1/14/2008 7:32:08 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, mark(at)pld.com writes:
According to some "expert" that hang around the bombers when we're out, the 8th Air Force had the 3rd highest causality rate of any service, in any military during WW2. First was the German submarine service and second was the US Navy submarine service. That was causality rate, not total numbers. In one raid over Germany the 8th lost 60 aircraft, that is 600 men in about a 7 to 8 hour time frame. Not all those were KIA of course and I don't know what percentage of the total number that would have been.
The loss rate for the 8th was 8%. On some missions it was as high as 12.3%. With a lost rate of 2% theoretically a crew had a 50/50 chance. At 4% no one would go the whole 25 missions. When we're meet vets who flew the same aircraft in Pacific, you hear they flew 80 - 90 - sometimes over 100 missions. When I meet some of the old vets from the 8th and I hear they did 25-30 or 35 missions, I try to rub up against them, hoping some of their luck will rub off.
BTW An excellent little history book on WW2, is Clash of Wings (World War II In The Air) by Walter J. Boyne (Simon&Schuster). It has a lot of neat little info like the name of the first ship ever sunk by a guided missile. The Italian battleship Roma was sunk by a German bombardier Lt. Heinrich who guided a Fritz-X missile dropped from Dornier DO 217. (page 204-205).
Jim "Pappy" Goolsby
Quote: | --> Yak-List message posted by: "Mark Davis" <mark(at)pld.com>
The LSO's wore lighted suits including their legs. The closest we had
in my day was Station 3 MOVLAS where the manually operated landing aid was
on the right side of the landing area. Tended to make people drift right in
close to at the ramp. Lots of last minute "come left" calls. Never had to
fly or wave one at night. True practice bleeding. I'll always have
reverence for the Crusader and Whale guys that flew nights off of 27 Charlie
class carriers. My 113 night traps on Carl Vinson and Kitty Hawk were cake
compared to that.
As for axial deck night ops, as I understand it not everyone flew at
night. There were specific night fighter squadrons. Don't know whether it
was the better sticks or the FNG's that didn't know any better!
Mark Davis
N44K
----- Original Message -----
From: "Brian Lloyd" <brian-1927(at)lloyd.com>
To: <yak-list(at)matronics.com>
Sent: Monday, January 14, 2008 4:27 PM
Subject: Re: Formation
Quote: | --> Yak-List message posted by: Brian Lloyd <brian-1927(at)lloyd.com>
On Jan 14, 2008, at 1:10 PM, Mark Davis wrote:
> --> Yak-List message posted by: "Mark Davis" <mark(at)pld.com>
>
> Doc,
> You're missing out on all the fun! Besides the ramp monster doesn't
> bite those who listen to the ramp guardians ( aka LSO's). : )
Can you imagine night-ops to a small axial-deck carrier without a fresnel
lens (ball) with the LSO giving commands with the paddles? The way they
flew off the boat back then just amazes the s--- out of me.
Brian Lloyd 3191 Western Drive
brianl AT lloyd DOT com Cameron Park, CA 95682
+1.916.367.2131 (voice) +1.270.912.0788 (fax)
PGP key ID: 12095C52A32A1B6C
PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0 CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C
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Start the year off right. Easy ways to stay in shape in the new year.
[quote][b]
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brian-1927(at)lloyd.com Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 5:40 pm Post subject: Formation |
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On Jan 14, 2008, at 5:19 PM, cjpilot710(at)aol.com wrote:
Quote: | In a message dated 1/14/2008 7:32:08 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, mark(at)pld.com
writes:
According to some "expert" that hang around the bombers when we're
out, the 8th Air Force had the 3rd highest causality rate of any
service, in any military during WW2. First was the German submarine
service
|
I did specifically say "allied military" as I was aware that being on
a German submarine was a death sentence.
Quote: | and second was the US Navy submarine service.
|
Are you sure about that? I was under the impression that they were
surpassed, not surprisingly, by the Japanese Kamikaze Corps, not the
US Navy's Submarine Service. Therefore, my comment about the 8th Air
Force having the highest casualty rate of any allied military service
in WW-II is probably correct.
Quote: | That was causality rate, not total numbers.
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Right. I was thinking specifically of one's chances of surviving the
war if one was in that service.
Quote: | In one raid over Germany the 8th lost 60 aircraft, that is 600 men
in about a 7 to 8 hour time frame. Not all those were KIA of course
and I don't know what percentage of the total number that would have
been.
The loss rate for the 8th was 8%. On some missions it was as high
as 12.3%. With a lost rate of 2% theoretically a crew had a 50/50
chance. At 4% no one would go the whole 25 missions. When we're
meet vets who flew the same aircraft in Pacific, you hear they flew
80 - 90 - sometimes over 100 missions.
|
It wasn't nearly as bad in the Pacific.
Quote: | When I meet some of the old vets from the 8th and I hear they did
25-30 or 35 missions, I try to rub up against them, hoping some of
their luck will rub off.
|
You should. They must have been lucky sum....
--
Brian Lloyd 3191 Western Drive
brian HYPHEN 1927 AT lloyd DOT com Cameron Park, CA 95682
+1.916.367.2131 (voice) +1.270.912.0788 (fax)
I fly because it releases my mind from the tyranny of petty things . . .
— Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
PGP key ID: 12095C52A32A1B6C
PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0 CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C
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brian-1927(at)lloyd.com Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 5:44 pm Post subject: Formation |
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On Jan 14, 2008, at 4:27 PM, Mark Davis wrote:
Quote: |
The LSO's wore lighted suits including their legs. The closest we
had in my day was Station 3 MOVLAS where the manually operated
landing aid was on the right side of the landing area. Tended to
make people drift right in close to at the ramp. Lots of last
minute "come left" calls. Never had to fly or wave one at night.
True practice bleeding. I'll always have reverence for the
Crusader and Whale guys that flew nights off of 27 Charlie class
carriers. My 113 night traps on Carl Vinson and Kitty Hawk were
cake compared to that.
As for axial deck night ops, as I understand it not everyone flew
at night. There were specific night fighter squadrons. Don't know
whether it was the better sticks or the FNG's that didn't know any
better!
|
I went with my father to his air group reunion which was held in
conjunction with Tailhook in Reno about 6 years back. I listen to the
stories and I shake my head in wonder. Flying and aerial warfare was a
much more up-close-and-personal thing back then.
--
Brian Lloyd 3191 Western Drive
brian HYPHEN 1927 AT lloyd DOT com Cameron Park, CA 95682
+1.916.367.2131 (voice) +1.270.912.0788 (fax)
I fly because it releases my mind from the tyranny of petty things . . .
— Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
PGP key ID: 12095C52A32A1B6C
PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0 CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C
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viperdoc(at)mindspring.co Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 6:26 pm Post subject: Formation |
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Mark,
You are living the life! Hey, who would not want to spend 6 mo out the year sleeping under a runway with some machine hissing and going bang in the middle of one's 2 am beauty sleep! In a blue world where the nearest divert base is 2000 nm away all when you can't get fuel because the D#$M5(at) receptacle door won't cycle open.
You are my hero!
Doc
--
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viperdoc(at)mindspring.co Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 6:31 pm Post subject: Formation |
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Nah...just nuts!
Doc
--
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MarkWDavis
Joined: 03 Jan 2007 Posts: 104 Location: Syracuse, KS
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 6:34 pm Post subject: Formation |
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The US Navy's learning curve was as steep as the advancement of the
aircraft. Thach's and other veterans' section tactics and the transition
from Brewster Buffaloes and Wildcats to Hellcats reversed a horrible loss
ratio in a little over a years' time. A newbie in a Wildcat didn't fare
well against a seasoned Jap veteran. A well trained section of Hellcat
drivers using proper tactics feasted on Zeros.
Mark Davis
---
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viperdoc(at)mindspring.co Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 6:39 pm Post subject: Formation |
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Brain,
It is amazing what all the guys including my dad, step dad, your dad, the 80
+ y.o. P-47 and the 90 + y.o. B-17 drivers still flying out of my home drome
along will all those from the great generation that survived one of
history's greatest challenges in the fight for our freedom. What they did
was Herculean as is what our kids, my son included, are doing now to protect
our freedoms.
Doc
--
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mark.bitterlich(at)navy.m Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 6:40 pm Post subject: Formation |
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Sheesh... Air Force folks....
Doc, Navy/Marine Corps aircraft do not have "receptable doors". We have
refueling PROBES, commonly referred to as "Donkey Dicks". Sometimes
they retract, sometimes they are fixed, but they are ALWAYS big.
Only the Air Force has "receptable doors".... So that those with probes
can get in I suppose.
I'd say that this pretty describes the difference between the service
branches as well........
Your friend,
Mark Bitterlich
--
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MarkWDavis
Joined: 03 Jan 2007 Posts: 104 Location: Syracuse, KS
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 6:52 pm Post subject: Formation |
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Doc,
I had a stateroom under the jet blast deflector on Cat 1 on Carl Vinson
for one workup period. You didn't bother putting anything on a shelf
because it would be on the floor after the first launch! I've been out for
20 years and I still can sleep through about any noise, but a voice still
wakes me up. Go figure.
Mark Davis
N44YK
N44YK
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MarkWDavis
Joined: 03 Jan 2007 Posts: 104 Location: Syracuse, KS
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 7:00 pm Post subject: Formation |
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Mark, I concur! And we can do it in the dark without the help of someone
watching us and helping put it in! Although when tanking off of a basket
equipped KC 135 we had to confirm single pump operation. : )
Mark Davis
N44YK
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mark.bitterlich(at)navy.m Guest
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cjpilot710(at)aol.com Guest
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 7:11 pm Post subject: Formation |
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In a message dated 1/14/2008 9:41:43 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, mark.bitterlich(at)navy.mil writes:
Quote: | --> Yak-List message posted by: "Bitterlich, Mark G CIV Det Cherry Point, MALS-14 64E" <mark.bitterlich(at)navy.mil>
Sheesh... Air Force folks....
Doc, Navy/Marine Corps aircraft do not have "receptable doors". We have
refueling PROBES, commonly referred to as "Donkey Dicks". Sometimes
they retract, sometimes they are fixed, but they are ALWAYS big.
Only the Air Force has "receptable doors".... So that those with probes
can get in I suppose.
I'd say that this pretty describes the difference between the service
branches as well........
Your friend,
Mark Bitterlich
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"OOOOooooooooooooooo now there's a punch of 'inter service rivalry' i.e. pussy's and dicks. One manly - one girly (or is it girlyman). Must be a Marine who thinks up things like that. ))
Start the year off right. Easy ways to stay in shape in the new year.
[quote][b]
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MarkWDavis
Joined: 03 Jan 2007 Posts: 104 Location: Syracuse, KS
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Posted: Mon Jan 14, 2008 7:31 pm Post subject: Formation |
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No take up reel or response, just push it forward until you got a big lazy
S. Too far forward and it would flip around in a circle and take out your
radome. Before you could back out and disconnect you had to get permission
from the boom operator. We had an Intruder that brought a basket back to
Carl Vinson while we were hanging around on Gonzo Station. Supposedly the
release mechanism failed to uncouple. He had gone through all the proper
voice calls before backing out. At least his obstructed view trap was in
the daytime. We were blue water and it removed any further tanking options.
Mark Davis
N44YK
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